My Beautiful Mind Essay

Living with Schizophrenia â€Å"The mind is indeed a beautiful thing. It is the reason for our ingenuity, artistic originality and maybe even our humanity. What happens however when the mind works against us? When it tricks us into believing that what is not real to be the actual, destroying our sense of being? † (Angelo) We see this played out firsthand in the life of John Forbes Nash Jr. in â€Å"A Beautiful Mind. † The film was directed by Ron Howard and starred Russell Crowe, who plays John Nash, Paul Bettany, who plays Nash’s imaginary friend Charles, and Jennifer Connelly, who plays Nash’s wife Alicia. The movie â€Å"won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Supporting Actress. It was also nominated for Best Leading Actor, Best Editing, Best Makeup, and Best Scoreâ€Å" (A Beautiful Mind). â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"presents itself as a biography of the flesh-and-blood John Nash. And in fact, it is really only a flashy, sentimental Hollywood movie, inspired by a few particular details of the John Nash story. (Overstreet) This review is accurate in this description, director Ron Howard delivers a brilliant master peace but it is not all fact. For instance, John Nash never had visual hallucinations and he divorced his wife and later remarried. Though it is not an accurate representation, John Forbes Nash, Jr. did suffer from schizophrenia. John Forbes Nash, Jr. , or John Nash as he is referred to in the movie, was born June 13, 1928 in Bluefield, West Virginia where he was raised. Nash took classes from Bluefield C ollege while still attending Bluefield High School. After graduating from high school in 1945, he enrolled at the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on a Westinghouse scholarship, where he studied chemical engineering and chemistry before switching to mathematics. He received both his bachelor's degree and his master's degree in 1948 while at Carnegie Tech. † (John Forbes Nash, Jr. ). The film begins as Nash is attending Princeton University for his postgraduate work in mathematics and writes his thesis on non-cooperative games which he later receives the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In the movie Nash gets a job at Massachusetts Institution of Technology after graduating from Princeton. It is at MIT where Nash meets his future wife, Alicia, and falls in love with her and she remains his faithful mate even through his maddening episodes of schizophrenia. The film differs from reality in many instances, his love life being one of them. In reality Nash had a trivial relationship with a nurse by the name of Eleanor Stier, they had a son together and named him John David Stier. After the child was born Nash abandoned both of them and went through a homosexual stage, in the mid-1950s he was â€Å"arrested in a Santa Monica restroom on a morals charge related to a homosexual encounter† (John Forbes Nash, Jr. ). This was said to have caused him to lose his job at MIT and caused him to want to get married. Only now is Alicia brought into the picture, a student of his at MIT from El Salvador. John Forbes Nash, Jr. and Alicia Lopez-Harrison de Larde get married in 1957 and two years later Alicia admits John Nash to the mental hospital. In the movie he is tackled by two men and a third, Dr. Rosen, administers a sedative and they haul Nash away in their car, all while students and teachers are watching. Schizophrenia is described as being a â€Å"mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality. † (Schizophrenia) Normally it occurs in young adulthood and manifests itself in auditory hallucinations paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, while visual hallucinations are possible they are extremely rare and John Nash Jr. said that he only had auditory hallucinations. The visual manifestations in the movie were only to intrigue the audience and to clarify the sincerity and the reality of the disease. Schizophrenia is a very rare disease, affecting half of one percent of the population of the world and scientists and doctors know little more about it presently than when John Nash was diagnosed. While knowledge of schizophrenia is scarce people have found some useful treatments such as Insulin Shock Therapy and certain medications such as Typical Antipsychotic and the newer Atypical Antipsychotic, we see John Nash undergo the Insulin Shock Therapy in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. Insulin Shock Therapy however has been replaced by newer and more effective medications. The Typical Antipsychotics are the pink pills that Nash takes after his hospitalization. He says these medications make it hard for him to focus and he cannot respond to his wife so he stops taking them. This only causes further pain when Nash’s hallucinations all come back. Nash eventually learns how to cope with these hallucinations and just ignores them. In conclusion, the movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† is a very inspirational film that fills the audience with we and intrigue as they watch Nash learn to live with schizophrenia and attempt to remain a viable part of society. John Forbes Nash Jr. has influenced economics, mathematics, and physics, he taught at two major universities, he got married, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and he showed millions that it is possible to do all these things while living with schizophrenia. Works Cited Angelo. â€Å"Beauti ful Mind, A (2001)† MovieFreak. com – The Film Palace. 13 January 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. Overstreet, Jeffrey. A Beautiful Mind (2001)† Rotten Tomatoes. Flixter, Inc. 12 May 2004. Web. 04 March 2010. http://www. rottentomatoes. com/m/beautiful_mind/ â€Å"A Beautiful Mind (Film)† Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 04 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/A_Beautiful_Mind_(film) â€Å"John Forbes Nash, Jr. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 04 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr â€Å"Schizophrenia† Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 01 March 2010. Web. 04 March 2010. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Schizophrenia

^^Culture in England

England is a exciting country to visit and it also has a lot of interesting things to do such as : visit some beautiful beaches , go skiing , visit some famous places to see a beautiful views . If you like countryside view , you can visit other small cities without London , you would enjoy the fresh air and pretty natural views . 1 Tourism In England If you want to go traveling or have a relax holiday , England is a good choice because it has many famous places which you should visit . Now I'm going to introduce to you mom famous places in England: * Tower Bridge : is one of the most attractive place to visit .If you visit London , you should visit Tower Bridge because it's like a important icon or view in London . If you don't visit tower bridge , your holiday in Uk won't be wonderful and very waste of your experiences in Uk . It was built in 1894 by 50 architects and designers entered a competition to design a bridge . It took 8 years to built and 432 people – who did hard w orking to built . When you stand from high – level walkways , you would see a underfed view of London and you also can gain a great understanding how life would been of a bridge was built . Bucking Palace : is the Queen official London residence . It's a big and luxury palace with 19 living rooms , 52 bedrooms for guest and royal family , 78 bathrooms , 188 staff rooms , 92 official rooms . It was built in 1703 . Victoria Queen lived in here from 1837 . When you walk from the door of palace go inside , you will see a central lake where called † the heart of London † . When you walk around central lake , you ill feel like losing in the heaven because it's has a wonderful and romantic view .The dancer will be waving handkerchief and waving many small bells at their bases . Cotswold is the Morris dance is mildest. * In Cambridge area , people dance Morris Molly style – which follow the nature of humor . This dancing style looks funnier because the male dancer is called † Molly † will be masquerade as a woman . * In the northwest of England , the Morris dance looks more professional . The dancers will stand around to dancing and wearing handcuffs leg . Their clothes especially showy and has a lot of color mixed together .In conclude , England is a rich country about the culture . It's a very exciting place to visit and has many interesting to do . It's really make me attractive and want to know more information about this culture . I hope one day I can visit England and gain some experiences about culture of this country . I hope everyone after reading my little bit information of England would have the same feeling and interested in too . 3 References . -http://thousand. Com. Van/died-nay-tureen-thong-cue-NCO-ann.-la-gig/ -http://vi. Wisped. Org/wick/Ann.

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research project - Essay Example To prove the effectiveness of the instrument, the researchers collected the blood sample from a donor and tested it. They measured the diameters of the white and the red blood cells, and they got accurate values. Additionally, they measure the quantities of different blood components, and they got accurate values too (Optical society of America, 2012). The devices work through the Spectrally Encoded Confocal Microscopy (SECM). Through this technique, the images are formed after the split of light beams to form a line of purple to red colors. When scanning a person’s blood, a probe is placed close to the person’s skin. The red to purple line is then directed towards the blood vessels. When the blood cells pass the line, they split it into scattered colors forming images (Optical society of America, 2012). The technique is advantageous over other blood scan systems, since it does not rely on the complicated equipments and harmful fluorescent dyes. However, the researchers discovered that one of the challenges of using this technology is the difficulties in finding the blood vessels depths (Optical society of America, 2012). 2. The use of optical microscopy in studying the blood characteristics will make the work of the medical experts easier. In the paper, the researchers have demonstrated the viability of the Spectrally Encoded Flow Cytometry (SEFC). ... They compared the SEFC imaging using the in vivo, and the in Vitro imaging system. The researchers used Healthy volunteers who pressed their lower lips against the probe of the in vivo imaging. For the in vitro imaging, blood was collected from the healthy donors using venipuncture. The results showed that the SEFC in vivo imaging system produce clearer images compared to the in vitro imaging system (Golan, Yeheskely-Hayon & Minai, 2012). This is because it was possible to see and count even the smallest capillaries. Additionally, more images were observable in the in vivo imaging system. However, while using the in vivo system, the researchers experienced some challenges while trying to find the image depths (Golan, Yeheskely-Hayon & Minai, 2012). Through the study, the researchers discovered that the SEFC in vivo can show the characteristics of people’s blood components and the technique is non-invasive (Golan, Yeheskely-Hayon & Minai, 2012). The use of SEFC will be helpful in tracking the hematocrit levels, which is useful when studying the circulation alterations before and after surgeries (Golan, Yeheskely-Hayon & Minai, 2012). The study highlights the effectiveness of SEFC in visualizing cell deformation especially for those patients with sickle cell anemia. However, the researchers suggested that additional studies regarding the potential of the in vivo SEFC are necessary. This is because an upgrade in system is necessary to increase the imaging depth (Golan, Yeheskely-Hayon & Minai, 2012). 3 I All the articles demonstrate the potential of the SEFC in carrying out blood tests. The authors of both articles criticize the technology, and they think that further research is

Critical Management Theory (CMT) Explain Marx theories and how they Essay

Critical Management Theory (CMT) Explain Marx theories and how they applies to modern organisations - Essay Example The most important task and contribution of critical management theory â€Å"is to promote a more systematic and critical consideration of the contexts of organisational work† (Alvesson & Willmott, 1996, p.188). It is also meant to strengthen the resistance towards pressures to align with the functional imperatives and demand of the corporate wisdom (Alvesson & Willmott, 1996, p.188). CMS offers a number of alternatives with the view to maintain the management theories to radically transform the management practices. There is extreme scepticism regarding moral dispensability and as well as the ecological and social sustainability of the existing management forms in organisations. CMS has no concern for the individual’s manager’s personal failures. Neither is it concerned with the poor management practices of particular organisations. It is rather concerned with social injustice and the environmental destruction of the economic and social systems that the organisa tions and managers serve and then reproduce (Adler, Forbes & Willmott, 2007, p.2). It is important to explain the term critical in this context. A large team is considered to be an example in this case. Teamwork is considered to be a means which would be used by managers to mobilise the employees for improving their performance in business. By the reorganisation of work for accommodating task interdependencies, and by leaving a certain amount of autonomy with the team members to handle the interdependencies, such team work is considered to be the most effective and most efficient means of working in a business and managing employees. Issues like work force diversities have become increasingly important and are considered to be factors which would impede or facilitate effective team work. If such team work impedes, research suggests and finds out a way in which the problem can be mitigated (Adler, Forbes & Willmott, 2007, p.2). In CMS, both team work and mainstream theories informing it are considered to be problematic. Mainstream research ignores such problems or views them as pathological. However, critical research shows how team work can be used to take the organisation towards its goals and objectives and can result in internalising the business values by the team members. Team members than begin to exploit and discipline themselves and their peers towards better business performance and become responsible team players (Adler, Forbes & Willmott, 2007, p.2). While developing the critical agenda, contemporary developments which are beyond mere academia have influenced CMS. â€Å"Well-established critiques of the fundamental features of contemporary capitalism have been undercut by the decline and fragmentation of the left since around 1970† (Adler, Forbes & Willmott, 2007, p.2). The same period also witnessed the development of a number of social movements which opened new perspectives. Expansion of some of the European communities and emerging econom ies and the rise of the Chinese and Indian economy has modified the Anglo and American business values. These developments are directly related to the management of organisations and the daily experience of works. Critical Management Studies appeal to the faculties, practitioners, students and activists who are tired and frustrated by such conservative limits (Adler, Forbes &

International Relation 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Relation 2 - Essay Example One of these books is An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolome de las Casas (2003). In this text, he focuses on the genocide and greed of the Spaniards. He argues that Christians have killed so many native souls, because of their materialistic passion for gold and goal of making themselves rich in a very short time. de las Casas makes sense of the Spanish war in the Americas as a brutal strategy for pursuing purely materialistic purposes. The particular view of history he uses is that of a polemicist, where he criticizes the barbaric approach of the Spaniards against the Indians. Furthermore, he is guilty of representing the Americas as utopia, and his descriptions and history present problems of self-biases and inaccuracies, since he is also advancing his own interests of promoting colonization for evangelical purposes. de las Casas makes sense of the Spanish war in the Americas as an atrocious strategy for pursuing purely materialistic purposes. F or many Spaniards, the new world promises wealth, fame, and distinction, even for priests, but upon arrival there, de las Casas realizes that the Spaniards are not after noble purposes. First, de las Casas takes account of the millions of natives killed, because Spaniards launched widespread genocide. de las Casas does not use the term genocide, but he describes islands with vanished populations, which remarks of the genocidal practices of the Spaniards. He says: â€Å"As to the firm land, we are certainly satisfied, and assur’d, that the Spaniards by their barbarous and execrable Actions have absolutely depopulated Ten Kingdoms, of greater extent than all Spain† and even â€Å"together with the Kingdoms of Arragon and Portugal, that is to say, about One Thousand Miles, which now lye wast [sic] and desolate†¦above Fifty Millions in all paid their debts† (7). The colonization originally aims to spread civilization, Christianity, and expand the Spanish Kingdo m, but de las Casas witnesses something less purer. He stresses that Christian Spaniards are motivated to kill by the millions, with such viciousness, because of aspirations of wealth and power: â€Å"Now the ultimate end and scope that incited the Spaniards to endeavor the Extirptation [sic] and Desolation of this People, was Gold only; that thereby growing opulent in a short time† they could be attain â€Å"Degrees and Dignitaries† that were â€Å"no ways consistent with their Persons† (8). These accounts show that materialism had driven the motive for so many senseless deaths that de las Casas capitalized on. The particular view of history that de las Casas uses is that of a polemicist, where he disparages the barbaric approach of the Spaniards against the Indians (Boyer 365). Boyer says: â€Å"[An Account, Much Abbreviated, of the Destruction of the Indies]†¦ represents Las Casas the polemicist and pamphleteer, belonging to that portion of his oeuvre t hat can be characterized as politicized and politicizing rhetoric, in contrast to the longer pieces like the Historia de las Indias† (365). This view demonstrates that de las Casas writes about the history of the Incas from the biased point of polemics, where he argues for better treatment of the natives, thereby acting as an intermediary between the Indians and the monarchy. He comes across to his audience by using more of pathos or emotions to depict

Team evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team evaluation - Essay Example Pamela as the organizer also evaluated the working style of each team member for quality performance and high productivity. Team Evaluation There also existed team co-editors, Isabella Hyde and Barbara Holland. Their responsibility was evaluating team work for arising problems or practical errors thus ensuring quality final product. Through the same evaluation they also ensured that structure of the team was in line with the team’s vision. Marion Johnson was selected as the team presenter and her duty was to summarize the vital information for every assignment and establishing the final product. The expectation for the role of the team presenter was to coordinate all team efforts while combining information and relating it to team vision. As a team B member, I really learnt a lot, the most important experience I got from the group was how to work in a team. I learnt how important it is to listen to other people’s views and respect them. The team leaders were very talented people and they helped me realize my abilities as a professional nurse and since them I developed a high level of confidence in my services. However, I faced a few challenges while in the team; at first it was hard for me to work with strangers and I was feeling out of place. Another challenge was how to handle my impatience when it comes to team work, however by the end of it all I was a different person, very patient. Team B was such a good team to work with, however in there are better strategies which if they were put in place the team would have emerged as excellent. One of these strategies is ensuring a well established communication network in which a team member knows where to enquire/report what. Another strategy is ensuring professionalism in nursing practices and learning how to handle patients in a clinical scenario as suggested by Cohen and Cesta (2005). The team processes in this course gave me good lessons for a future health care

Guanxi in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Guanxi in China - Essay Example Guanxi consists of definite reciprocal obligations, affirmations, and knowledge, which are the attributes that guide Chinese approaches towards durable businesses and social relationships. Guanxi can therefore be generally taken to mean social relationships or connections with the presumption of extended exchange of favors. This makes it more than a simple interpersonal relationship or friendship; this is especially due to the fact that there are complementary obligations to act towards any calls for support. Despite the fact that interpersonal relations are characteristic of every society, Guanxi is special given that it is broad and plays a central role in everyday life. The formation of Guanxi depends on the availability of a base; it can be formed from different kinds of bases such as relatives, friendship, kinship, schoolmates, workmates, relatives, family members, club members, and hobbies. For an individual in the Chinese society, affiliation with a particular base has an attr ibute of personal identification with others that are equally important to him or her. For example, a work experience is important to two people with workmate Guanxi, while an educational experience is important to two people with classmate or schoolmate Guanxi. From this, it is clear that Guanxi bases can either be social bases or blood bases. Social bases result from social interactions; they include Guanxi’s between classmates, schoolmates, workmates, friends, and club members, while blood bases result from blood relations; they include Guanxi’s between family members, relatives, kins among others. Blood or family Guanxi’s are perceived as the most important of all Guanxi’s, since in Chinese societies the family is viewed as the basic unit of society, and relationships from this base tend to be stronger. 2. Building a Guanxi As mentioned earlier, Guanxi’s are built upon family relations, friendship, kinship and other types of close relations in the society. There are a number of principles that guide the establishment, implementation and maintenance of a Guanzi. These include transferable, reciprocal, intangible, utilitarian, contextual, long-term oriented and personal. The approaches employed in building Guanzi’s are also several; they include exchanging favors, giving gifts, socialization, recommendations or intermediary referrals, club membership, entertainment, government support, corporate credibility, and social reputation. From the information discussed, it is important to note that trust is a central attribute surrounding the formation, implementation, and maintenance of a Guanzi. For the formation of a Giuanizi, there is need for a social interconnection or a blood relationship among individuals. Recommendations or intermediary referrals are important in building linkages between individuals with no intimate commonality. The intermediary is often a person known to both individuals and it is through him or h er that they get to know each other better, and build a relationship base on trust that culminates into a Guanxi. Common links are the easiest way that people use to get into a Guanzi. This is mainly because people with similar characteristics are more attracted to each other, understand each other, and have empathy towards each other. In order to build a Guanxi, there is need for an individual to stay in contact with colleagues in his circle by visiting them, exchanging gifts with them, and through greetings. Through this, contacts are built; however, uncertainties and mistrust may still exist and therefore the second step should involve earning trust. There are many ways of earning trust; however, the best way is through helping when a person is going through a

See assignment criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

See assignment criteria - Essay Example 173). Because CP results from the damage in the brain, any injury to the brain during its development that happens before, during, immediately after or after a few years of childbirth potentially causes a child to have this condition. The insult to the brain maybe precipitated by anoxia or absence of oxygen, infections, brain malformations, head injuries, and genetic disorders (â€Å"Cerebral Palsy,† 2009, p. 212). These cases may consequence the affected child with mild, moderate or severe affectations. According to Professional Guide to Diseases, the condition appears to be more common in the male children than in females (2009, p. 173). Peacock (2000, p. 20) highlighted the three ways the children may be affected. They may (a) have weak muscles, (b) lack muscle tone in some muscles, or (c) have tightness in their muscles. Each one can exist without the other; in unfortunate cases, however, a child can have all. Other symptoms include inability to do various motor skills such as reaching, crawling, sitting, walking, writing and grasping things. Balance and gait, speech, and eating are also be affected. The child will also be easily fatigued. Due to the existence of these problems, a child faces more challenging issues as he or she grows. Without cerebral palsy, a person can effortlessly maintain an upright position against gravity with less level of tension demanded from the body and the muscle groups involved in such movement. People â€Å"can automatically adjust our position in a coordinated way to balance and move† (Hinchcliffe, 2003, p. 7). Moreover, the brain normally directs the whole body as to how and when it should move. Specific neural signals are sent to specific receptors which in turn enable the muscles to move as intended (Latash, 2008, p. 195). Since there is damage to the brain affecting this task in people with cerebral palsy, there is impairment in the normal function of muscle control and coordination.

European Imperialism and its Impact on Africa and Asia Essay Example for Free

European Imperialism and its Impact on Africa and Asia Essay European imperialism in Africa and Asia developed as a result of certain motivations which seemed to fit the prevailing world view following the Napoleonic wars.   Economic interests (ie, global expansion of domestic markets), maintaining the safety of trade routes, keeping colonies free from foreign influence and threats, national prestige in maintaining colonies, and finally, living up to a moral duty and the missionary and evangelical movements were all motivations given by European governments to justify its interference into Africa and Asia. As Europe became more crowded, as continental empires declined, and a more current world view came into focus, the Europe’s powers were motivated to find a replacement system that would best preserve their respective positions as a world economic, military and moral leader. Great Britain took the lead in establishing systematic imperial possessions in African and Asia.   Power, prestige and economic interests lay at the heart of building Britain’s empire.   The reason was simple, a vast global economy with Britain at the hub was sure to ensure the economic health and vitality of the British (Hyam 1).   Forging a permanent presence in India, China and Africa were vital to this cause (Brown 199-200).   Britain’s ‘Grand Design,’ which sought to enhance Britain’s power through the expansion of informal empire, was the name of the policy attributed to Prime Minister Palmerston in the 1850s and ‘60s (Hyam 86). As the British empire began to decline towards the end of the 19th century, other countries, like Germany, the Netherlands and France opted to partition Africa and Asia, creating pieces of the pie sufficient to sate everyone’s appetite from the 1880’s through the onset of World War I. Imperialism had a positive and negative impact on the European nations.   Though trade and prestige were greatly increased, eventually, competition developed for the more lucrative portions of the colonized East.   This led to showdowns between western powers on African and Asian territory.   The British and the Russians fought the Crimean War in the 1850s (Brown 197) and the British and the French nearly had an armed along the Nile at Fashoda in 1898 (Steele 328).   The notion of any of these nations being at odds with all of the others, led the nations to seek alliances amongst themselves (and Russia and Japan), which was a major reason for the start of World War I (Hyam 271). The impact on the African and Asian nations was far more negative than positive.   China suffered the humiliation of Opium wars, during which the British forcefully created a domestic opium market in China to finance its own trade (Brown 205) and the Boers of South Africa were colonized for hundreds of years by the Dutch and the subject of Atrocities by the British during the Second Boer war from 1899-1902 (Steele 360).   To an extent, the imperialists did improve the infrastructure (by way of railroads and ports), but on the whole, the Europeans ruled the colonized peoples of Africa and Asia a sense of racial superiority and propensity to violently subdue any native unrest.   Another negative impact was the ubiquitous slave trade, especially during the first half of the 19th century. The African and Asian continents were collected, traded and bandied about between the powers of Western Europe as if they were common commodities.   When the colonies had lost their utility, often times the European imperialist would pack their bags and leave, without regard to the state of the people or land they were leaving behind.   Despite the legitimate motivations (such as expanding trade) and self-serving justifications (such as Christian missions) used by the Europeans at the time, the impact of imperialism is still felt by peoples indigenous to these lands today.   Based on all of the above, it is safe to conclude that European imperialism on the whole had a negative impact on the Africa and Asia.

Road Safety Essay Essay Example for Free

Road Safety Essay Essay Driving age young people under 25 make up around one-tenth of the population in OECD countries, but represent more than a quarter of car drivers killed on the road (See Figure 1). And they are not only a danger to themselves. Studies in the US and the Netherlands show that for every 10 young drivers killed, 13 passengers or other road users also die in the same crashes. Worldwide, road crashes are the single greatest cause of death for men aged 15-29, and the second greatest for 15-29-year-olds overall, according to World Health Organization (WHO) figures. Even in countries with a good overall road safety record, large numbers of young lives are being lost on the roads – more than 8 500 young car drivers die in OECD countries every year, and death rates for young drivers are typically about double those of older drivers. Although overall road safety is improving, the ratio between young and older driver death rates has not improved in many countries, so there is clearly a need for specific measures to tackle the problem of young people’s safety on the roads (See Figure 2). see more:short article on road safety Young men are particularly at risk, with death rates up to three times higher than those for young women. To make matters worse, the risk for young male drivers compared to older drivers has actually risen in a number of countries over the past decade. In the UK, for example, in 1994 a young male driver’s risk of being in a fatal crash was a little over 4.5 times that of a driver aged 30-59; by 2002 this had risen to 7 times greater. Young drivers have high numbers of crashes when driving at night and on weekends, and when carrying young passengers. Many crashes are the result of speeding and while driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Failure to use seatbelts is also a key factor in death and injuries. Young people are over-represented in single-car and loss-of-control crashes, and crashes where the driver is turning across oncoming traffic. Apart from the enormous social costs, these highway tragedies impose a huge economic cost burden.

Psychology Reflective Essay

Psychology Reflective Essay The psychology is called the science of behavior which means the study of human nature and activities. It is significant as it is involved with the research of actions and psychological procedures and simultaneously, it is also used in many different places of individual lifestyle. The most common approaches in psychology are behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, social/cultural, and physiological. Everything we do is very much related to psychology. It’s relevant in my life because it allows me to comprehend myself better. It also allows me to comprehend other individuals. If you comprehend mindset, you can modify your own actions and help other individuals to modify theirs. You can also estimate how other individuals are going to respond to factors. The people that study the behaviors are called psychologists. Psychologys four main goals are to describe what occurred, explain why it occurred, predict what event is likely to occur next, and to change to prevent unwanted outc omes. Psychologists study the process of thinking, learning, cognition, emotions, motivations, and personalities. According to the psychology knowledge that I’ve been acquiring during my psychology course I notified that as person psychology has helped me to prepare myself for any kind of situation in life: it can help you understand the different behaviors of people and the things around you, which is beneficial to you when you need to make a judgment or take a hard decision ; it can help in your development as a person with individual interaction in places such as school or job settings; It also can help to shape your personality and it can even enhance your individual life: if you know what can cause psychological or psychological problems then you know how to avoid it. In the first place, learning is a change in behavior or in potential behavior that occurs as a result of experience. There are three major types of learning respectively: the classical conditioning which is learning through association, the operant conditioning it’s learning through consequences and the observational learning which is learning through observation. First of all I got the classical conditioning explain by Pavlov’s and Watson’s experiments, from my personal opinion I must confess that I’ve been learned a lot about of associations with several situations that happened during my daily routine, for example I often have problems to control my desire to go to the bathroom when I listen the water noise next to me in any place because I think my brain usually make the association of water noise with the sensation of relief and my body’s automatic response is make a pee. Then I have the operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner says that the behavi or is result of consequences. It’s divided into two aspects namely the reinforcement that increases the likelihood of response being repeated. It can be positive when there’s a strengthening response because something is added and negative when there’s a strengthening response because something is moved/avoid. On the other hand we got punishment that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated, also it can be positive when the behavior decreases by adding an aversive stimulus and negative when the behavior decreases by removing something desirable. On my childhood I remember that I used to be reinforced and punished in several different situations by my parents and sometimes by some teachers that I had. However, the most remarkable situations about reinforced and punishment were with my parents especially with my father because he is an extremely conservative person about the customs and behaviors, so we were almost every time in conflict with id eas, I used to be a person who didn’t like to listen their advices and I took my decisions by myself acting like irresponsible person in some cases. As a consequence of my personality I received more punishment than reinforcement but I believed that it helped me to understand better some situations in life and now I become more flexible and understandable person when I got to take any decision or even accept any life condition. The last one is the observational learning by Albert Bandura, it concerns to learning new behavior by watching others. About this type of learning I think it’s the most common in my life because I’ve learned a lot things in my life by watching the people around me such as using computer, riding on bicycle, and playing guitar. I used to like see my father playing guitar, so I decided to try learn how to play it by myself and It was a great idea because I just watched him and then I went to practice on my bedroom when I realized after one m onth I was playing it. Even though I went through these tree learning process I don’t have any doubt to say that the operant was the one that had more impact on me because of my mentality now. Second, the development describes the growth of humans throughout the lifespan, from conception to death. The scientific study of human development seeks to understand and explain how and why people change throughout life. This includes all aspects of human growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual, and personality development. There’re four theories in development, the first theory is the theory of cognitive development by Piaget it talks about the nature and development of human intelligence. He divided this theory in four stages: the first stage is the sensorimotor during this stage, babies and youngsters acquire knowledge through neurological encounters and adjusting things. I don’t remember about nothing I did on this stage, my mother always tells me that I cried too much, though. The second stage is the preoperational stage at this stage, children understand through imagine play but still battle with reasoning and taking the perspecti ve of other people. On this stage I got some memories not very clear but one of them is pretty funny I remember that I was struggling with my parents because I didn’t want to share the toys with my brother even if I wasn’t playing with them. The third stage is the concrete operational stage children at this point of growth start to think more rationally, but their considering can also be very firm, they usually battle with subjective and theoretical ideas. This stage is very interesting because during it I started to be very curious about the things around me and I used to make a lot questions for my parents related to every single object or person that I saw in front of me. The last stage is the formal operational includes an increase in thinking, the ability to use deductive thinking, and a knowing of subjective concepts. It’s the easier one to remember because it happened recently, it was marked by my freedom of expression when I needed to take decisions and express my thoughts, and basically I’ve become more independent. The second theory is the Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development where he described the development of ego identity that occurs throughout the lifespan. For that he stated eight psychosocial stages marked by basic conflict between two or more elements. On Erikson’s stages I’m on stage 6 (Intimacy vs Isolation) this stage is all about relationships, so I personally liked this stage for this aspect and the other aspect is because it means that at least I’m already young adult. In fact, the relationship aspect on this stage is crucial for me because I consider myself as a shy person, since I moved to the U.S. this characteristic of my personality has become even more challenging for me because it’s a different culture and people, however I decided to work on it and so far I’ve enjoyed this challenger where I try to building new relationships with people from others cul ture. The third theory is the Ainsworth’s attachment theory it’s focused on the relationships and bonds between individuals, particularly long-term relationships such as those between a mother or father and kid and between loving associates. She identified three main attachment styles, secure, insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent. Honestly, I’m not pretty sure about my attachment but I think that I’m the secure attachment because of my relationship with others people I usually liked to have a physical contact with the people who are close to me especially now that I’m far from family. This theory also talk about of the three parenting main styles, authoritarian parenting style, authoritative parenting style, and permissive parenting style. My parents fit better with authoritative parenting style even not totally but at least 90 % because they established rules and guidelines for me that were expected to follow. However, they used to be very de mocratic with especially my father we had a lot of conversations to avoid unnecessary situations before they happen. These conversations had a huge impact for me to be who I am today because I can feel that I more happy, capable and mature person. Finally, we got Kohlbergs theory of moral development which is based upon research and interviews with groups of young children. My moral development was shaped in accordance with my parent’s education, it allowed me to create a common sense inside of me that has been advantageous on my relationships now as a young adult. I can say that inside the moral development area I see myself on Level 3 post conventional morality on stage 6 because now I realized that morality is based on principles that transcend mutual benefit and I follow these internalized principles of justice that I believe even if they conflict with law and rules. Afterwards is the personality refers to our enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, which characterize how we adapt to our world. There’re four major psychology theories; the behavioral and social theories suggest that personality is a consequence of interaction between the individual and the environment consist of B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson; the humanist theories highlight the significance of free will and individual experience in the growth of personality include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow; the trait theories, the according to this concept, character is created up of a variety of wide characteristics, and finally the psychodynamic theories that see personality as primarily unconscious, occurring in stages, and being linked to early experiences. The last theories were influenced by Sigmund Freud, he believed that the three components personality were the id which is the only part of personality that is existing from birth, for example as a child my id was cry too much like my mother usually tell me and I just stopped crying when someone took me for a ride. Next is the ego it’s the part of personality that is accountable for dealing with reality, in my case I must confess that I’m an egocentric person it’s good to achieve my goals in life, however, sometimes I try not to be so egocentric because it can induce some conflicts with others people and I just like to avoid them, so I prefer to be an understandable person with others. Even though I’m egocentric, I still care about the others people. The last is the superego the aspect of personality that keeps all of our internalized ethical requirements and values that we obtain from both mother and father and societyour feeling of right and wrong. I personally believe that my superego is the reflection of my ego because I had to prepare myself for the life in society mentally and physically, as a result I became more flexible and reasonable to take decisi ons avoiding follow my impulses. Additionally he talked about defense mechanisms which is a tactic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety. There are nine defense mechanisms but during my life I use to go through the number six defense mechanism which is the sublimation because I believe that the better way to relief your body and mind from your emotions that make you feel furious or mad is doing something constructive. In fact, there are some significant changes in my personality from my childhood until these days, I became more mature, and I started to use the critical thinking to analyze my mistakes and failures to improve my personality. Now I can tell right from wrong. In addition, the stress and health. Overall, the stress is a natural feeling that we all already felt and it may cause some health problems. Thereupon, the stress and health don’t match each other. Similarly with others people my stress is caused by various sources either by everyday situations or even personal life. The most frequent and common sources of stress that I have are usually related to my personal life such as frustrations and charges in the relationship with my parents and my girlfriend. I strongly believe there will be a period of my life that Ill learn to deal with them but I don’t know if they’ll change because I think that they are part of life, so we need to find solutions to cope with them. In order to cope with my stressors I personally like to do several things such as physical actives because I consider myself a healthy person, so I feel comfortable and well when I’m practicing physical exercises; another thing that I like is to hang out with my friends and sometimes with my family it’s a good way to have fun with the people you adore; I also like to play my guitar. Basically, you need to something that make you feel good not necessarily physical activists it can be some kinds of therapies to relax your mind and body. Due the circumstances of my life I’m more likely to use a problem focused strategy, so I created a daily stress journal because it helps me to identify how much stress I’m under, the potential stress triggers and ways to reduce the stress in my life. Im an optimistic person but realistic too. I mean in all situations of my life I always like to be optimistic, however, with my feet on floor, I normally like to use the probability rule because of that I can be both optimistic and realistic. In conclusion, this essay made me realize that psychology is nothing but common sense. Psychology can be used in everyday lifestyle. You can use psychology to get inspired toward whatever objectives you create for yourself. Success stories techniques for yourself, implementing yourself to understand new factors, and fulfilling yourself when you achieve a objective are all uses of psychology. I have discovered a lot about effects of psychology in my lifestyle. Learning psychology has been very significant to me and has given me a better comprehend of my ideas, emotions, and actions. Lastly, I can comprehend who I am and look at activities on a more beneficial part.

Women Breaking Free From Their Traditional Expectations Essay -- essay

Women Breaking Free From Their Traditional Expectations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All throughout the early part of history women were portrayed as the inferior sex, because at that point in time, women were seen as beings only born to have children. Men didn’t think that women were capable of being anything other than a typical housewife. It was unthinkable that women would actually need an education, let alone earn a living, or become a leader. These ideas are revealed all throughout classical literature. Rarely was a woman seen as doing anything but being dominated by males in some form, whether she was a man’s submissive devoted wife, a sexual object, or a woman being punished for wanting her freedom. We finally begin to see women trying to break free from these traditional expectations and barriers through the lives of Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, John’s wife in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Louise Mallard in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and Songlian in Raise the Red Lantern by Su Tong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zora Neale Hurston in Their Eyes Were Watching God shows how the lives of American women changed in the early 20th century. Janie Crawford is an example of a woman in society who follows her dreams, takes control of her soul, and finds her own identity in a male dominated world. After two marriages in which Janie is ‘owned’ by the men in the relationship, she finds that she can own herself. â€Å"Janie was an unusual protagonist for her time—black, female, independent, and strong† (Shafer). Janie’s first effort to free her soul is from her husband Logan Killicks. Logan works her like a mule, making her do house chores as well as outside work. When she finally realizes that she doesn’t want to spend her life as a slave or with someone that she doesn’t love, Janie runs away to be with a man she had met only a few days before. Janie faces reality and gets out from under Logan’s rule before she becomes consumed into his world. Again Janie is only a possession of her new husband, Joe Starks. He displays her like a medal around his neck. He is so jealous of other men lusting after his wife that he restricts her to always tend the store, leave fun situations, and wear a head rag to hide her beautiful hair. Janie slowly breaks out of the shell that Starks has molded her into when she verbally defies him in front ... ...oper place was in the home. Even the laws and literary writings reflected this position. As women became more educated, they began to seek their freedom and a voice in society. This movement to gain equal rights for women has been referred to as feminism. Slowly have we made our way in history, but profoundly do we take our stand in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Aull, Felice â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† The Feminist Press at the City Univ. of New York (New York) 1892 7 July 2000 http://mcip00.nyu.edu./lit-med/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/gilman87-des-.html Gribben, Alan. â€Å"Chopin, Kate† The World book Encyclopedia. 1990 ed. Maloney, Karen E. â€Å"A Feminist Looks at Education: The Educational Philosophy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman† Teachers College  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Record vol. 99. Spring98: 514 Roberts, Edgar V. Fiction/An Introduction to Reading and Writing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. 599 & 306 Shafer, Audrey. â€Å"Their Eyes Where Watching God† Harper & Row (New York) 1937 7 July 2000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://mchip00.nyu.edu/lit-mid-db/webdocs/webdescrips/hurston1137-des-.html Stolle, James. â€Å"A Cruel Tale From China—But What A Climax!† Albert Report/Newsmagazine,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6/21/93: 44

Media Advertising - Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years Essay

A Look at Colgate Advertising Strategies Over the Years "To be, or not to be?" This is the question that plagues companies every year. The business is one of survival- survival of the fittest. Companies around the world are constantly scattering about, developing new weapons in nuclear advertisement. Having looked back at old strategies, it is interesting to see the strategies that worked have lasted over time. Since the April 5, 1937 edition of LIFE magazine, Colgate's advertisements have evolved to appeal to different audiences as seen in another ad in the January 1985 edition of LIFE. Though targeting different audiences over the past fifty years, Colgate has kept many of their original advertising strategies, but has changed their approach by introducing children as subject matter, leading parents to respond to the ad with their children in mind. A sort of sex appeal is visible in the 1950's commercial, mainly focusing on the fun that a man and a women can have if they both were to have nice breath. The Colgate advertisement in the fifties is focused towards an adult audience who are single and looking for ways of attracting the opposite sex. All the characters are portrayed as clean, single people. Ray, the man in the ad, seems to be a business man, though not the type to be swimming in money. Colgate wanted every man to be able to identify with Ray, and so placed him in what would probably have been the largest economic group. Not only would this allow the men in the audience to identify with the situation, but it would also attract the middle class and make it easier for them to relate and become involved with the ad as well. In the Colgate advertisement of the eighties, a question could be raised in contrast to... ...e the viewer is an average American, the ad forces the reader into a group- such as you are a mom, or one of those that love the taste- which gives reason for the viewer to by the product. Ultimately, Colgate has always tried to make their advertisements in a way that stops the reader from flipping the page by capturing his interest. Strategies used by Colgate in the fifties can be seen in the ad of the eighties, though the subject matter has changed and some of the strategies have become extinct. This subject matter, which includes the children from the eighties, became a very important factor in appealing to the audience. Likewise, the subject matter from the fifties, including the sex appeal, was probably very effective in that day. Because times have changed, neither of the ads would have fit in the others time, and would likewise probably not work in 1997.

Nursing research that improve patient outcome Essay

Identify one area of nursing research that has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? . Nurses and other healthcare personnel are able to use the skills learned through evidence based research to decrease a patient’s length of stay, decreases morbidity and mortality, and healthcare cost. Nursing research is a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice (Burns & Grove, 2011) Extensive research is needed to develop sound empirical knowledge for synthesis into the best research evidence needed for practice. This research evidence might be synthesized to develop guidelines, standards, protocols, or policies to direct the implementation of a variety of nursing interventions (Burns & Grove, 2011) One example of nursing research that has patient outcomes is through the use of foley insertio n causing UTI( Urinary tract infection) . The presence of a urinary catheter is the most important risk factor for bacteriuria. Once a catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria is 3-10%. Between 10% and 30% of patients who undergo short-term catheterization (ie, 2-4 days) develop bacteriuria and are asymptomatic. Between 90% and 100% of patients who undergo long-term catheterization develop bacteriuria. About 80% of nosocomial UTIs are related to urethral catheterization; only 5-10% are related to genitourinary manipulation Risk factors for bacteriuria in patients who are catheterized include longer duration of catheterization, colonization of the drainage bag, diarrhea, diabetes, absence of antibiotics, female gender, renal insufficiency, errors in catheter care, catheterization late in the hospital course, and immunocompromised or debilitated states.(emedicine.medscape.com). These strategies include an indwelling catheter has been in place for more than 2 weeks at the onset of catheter-associated UTI and remains indicated, the catheter should be replaced to promote continued resolution of symptoms and to reduce the risk of subsequent catheter-associated infection Catheter use and duration should be minimized in all patients, especially those at higher risk for catheter-associated UTI (eg, women, elderly persons, and patients with impaired immunity (CDC, 2009)

Agency Problem – Essay

I partially agree with the statement that managers have a severely limited amount of discretion to pursue actions inconsistent with shareholder wealth maximization. By investing in a company, shareholders aim to maximize their wealth and achieve portfolio diversification. The objective of managers is assumed to be to further these interests by maximizing the firm’s share value. This can be achieved by taking on projects with positive NPV and good management of short-term capital and long-term debt. However, shareholders and managers are assumed to want to maximize their utilities; so this objective may not always be the priority for managers as they may rather prefer to maximize their own wealth or further other personal interests of theirs. This conflict of interest between the two is an example of the principal agent problem. The principal agent problem occurs due to two reasons. The first is the separation of ownership from control – the principal or the shareholders may own a corporation but it is the agent or manager who holds control of it and acts on their behalf. This gives managers the power to do things without necessarily being ‘detected’ by shareholders. The second is that shareholders may not possess the same information as the manager. The manager would have access to management accounting data and financial reports, whereas the shareholders would only receive annual reports, which may be subject to manipulation. Thus asymmetric information also leads to moral hazard and adverse selection problems. The following are areas where the interests of shareholders and managers often conflict: Managers may try to expropriate shareholders’ wealth in a number of ways. They may over consume perks such as using company credit cards for personal expenses, jet planes etc. †¢Empire building: Managers may pursue a suboptimal expansion path for the firm. They may expand the firm at a rationally unfeasible rate in order to increase their own benefits at the cost of shareholders’ wealth. †¢Managers may be more risk ave rse than shareholders who typically hold diversified portfolios. †¢Managers may not have the same motivation as shareholders, likely due to a lack of proper incentives. Managers may window dress financial statements in order to optimize bonuses or justify sub optimal strategies The principal agent problem normally leads to agency costs. This has been identified by Jensen and Meckling(1976) as the sum of: 1. Monitoring costs: Costs incurred by the shareholders when they attempt to monitor or control the actions of managers. 2. Bonding costs: Bonding refers to contracts that bond agents' performance with principal interests by limiting or restricting the agent’s activity as a result. The cost of this to the manager is the bonding cost. 3. The residual loss: Costs incurred from divergent principal and agent interests despite the use of monitoring and bonding. However the manager’s discretion is quite limited in practice. There are a number of internal and external solutions to agency costs for shareholders. Internal: †¢Well-written contracts ensure that there are fewer opportunities for managers to over consume perks. †¢An external board of directors could be appointed to monitor the efforts and actions of managers. This board would have access to information and considerable legal authority over management. It could thus safeguard information and represent shareholder interests in the company. †¢The board could hire independent accountants to audit the firm’s financial statements. If the managers don’t agree to changes proposed by auditors, the auditors issue a qualified opinion. This signals that managers are trying to hide something, and undermines investor confidence. †¢Compensation packages where the reward to the manager is linked to firm performance. This includes performance related bonuses and the payments of shares and share options. Ambitious, lower managers are a threat to the jobs of inefficient, evading ones. External: †¢The lenders of a company also monitor; a bank for instance would track the assets, earnings and cash flows of the company it provides a loan to. †¢Managerial labor market: Poor managers may not get another job or get a much poorer one. Ultimately the most important indicator to the labor market of managerial performance is share price. †¢Capital Markets – A falling share price increases the threat of a take-over, which can often result in redundancies. More concentrated shareholding by outsiders can lead to monitoring by them and improve managerial performance. However there are a few problems with these solutions though, which make it possible for managers to circumvent them to a small extent. In order to keep the share price high, managers may focus more on short term profitability at the cost of long term profitability. They may use gimmicks to temporarily boost the share price and neglect spending on research, development and H. R. They may also provide sub standard products and cease providing services for old, or relatively less important products in order to reduce costs and make a quick profit. This damages the company’s reputation, reduces its competitiveness in the future and thus affects long-term shareholder value negatively. While block holders may act as external monitoring mechanisms, they can also have private incentives to go along with management decisions, which may be detrimental to firm performance. Writing better contracts may reduce the problem of asymmetric information, but not fully solve it. This is because the design of such contracts is technically infeasible due to various reasons such as the difficulty of foreseeing all future contingencies. Dispersed shareholders often do not exercise the few controlling rights that they have. This leads to a free rider problem where shareholders would prefer to let other shareholders do the task of monitoring as they cannot justify spending on it over the few shares that they each own. In order to resist takeovers, managers may design contracts that compensate them in the event of loss of control due to the takeover. They may also undertake targeted repurchases and devise a poison pill, which changes the fundamental aspects of the corporate rules without the knowledge of shareholders. While incentive schemes such as shares and share options are effective, they are still reactive in the sense that they provide no mechanism for preventing mistakes or opportunistic behavior. Managers may continue to focus mainly on quarterly goals rather than the long term as they are allowed to sell the stocks after exercising their options. By focusing on quarterly performance, managers could boost the stock price and avail higher personal profits on their subsequent sale of stock. Managers may also sell their shares as soon as they are high, leading people to think that they lack confidence in their own operations. This may adversely affect share price. Share options also increase the risk of EPS dilution from an increase in shares outstanding. Managers may often ‘window dress’ financial statements as the company must be seen to perform well in order to improve share valuations. They may report inaccurate information, especially if their short-term rewards outweigh their long term ones such as pensions. It also encourages shareholder approval, and so would lead to less difficult AGM’s. Many managers may hide the true value of assets in order to hide the losses they incurred while buying them. Window dressing also involves managers presenting statistics such that they highlight the perceivably best bits about the company’s performance and avoid emphasis on the worst aspects of the previous year’s business. Other common practices of this include disguising liquidity problems and fraudulent representation of liabilities. This gross misrepresentation of debts has been seen with Enron in the US, where $billions of long-term liabilities were hidden off the balance sheet. Its executive Jeffery Skiller, initiated the use of mark to market accounting, while hoping to meet Wall Street expectations. Enron ultimately became bankrupt while its shareholders suffered huge losses. Despite having model board of directors and a talented audit committee, Enron’s managers were able to make it attract large sums of capital to fund a questionable business model and hype its stock to unsustainable levels. Worldcom, a telecommunications company in the US, inflated profits by disguising expenses as investment in assets and inflated revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate, unallocated revenue accounts. In mid 2000, its stock price began to decline and CEO Bernard Ebbers persuaded WorldComà ¢â‚¬â„¢s board of directors to provide him corporate loans and guarantees of over $400 million to cover his margin calls on Worldcom stock. The board had hoped that the loans would avert the need for Ebbers to sell the substantial amounts of WorldCom stock that he owned, as this would have further reduced the stock's price. However, the company ultimately went bankrupt and Ebbers was ousted as CEO in April 2002. The shareholders suffered massive losses as they watched World Com’s stock price plummet from $60 to less than 20 cents. Thus, we can see that while there is room for managers to indulge in personal wealth maximization, it is quite difficult to do so. Usually, the solutions tend to be adequate enough to correct the conflicts, and restrict manager’s discretion.

Locker Room Talk Essay

Page 1 Locker Room Talk Ethical Case April 18, 2010 Page 2 The Locker Room Talk Ethical Case outlines a situation that is an ethical dilemma for CPA Albert Gable who has performed personal financial planning for Larry and Susan Wilson. The Wilson’s, in their discussions with Mr. Gable regarding their personal finances, mentioned that in the past they have had marriage problems but have worked through the problems and are not seeking a divorce. Gable and the Wilson’s became personal friends due to the relationship built during their personal financial planning. Mr. Gable also performs the annual audit for one of the largest banks in the town where they all live. The sample pulled for the audit at the bank included the Wilson’s loan information. While performing the audit, Mr. Gable discovers information on the Wilson’s loan that does not coincide with the information given to him during the personal financial planning. Mr. Gable is concerned and addresses the discrepancy with a loan officer but did not confide to the loan officer that he was also their personal financial planner. The loan officer confided in Mr. Gable that Mr. Wilson was setting up his business to divorce his wife without any compensation. This situation puts Albert Gable in a situation with a conflict of interests. His personal financial client is also a client of the bank where he performs the annual audit. The information the Wilson’s provided to him during their personal financial planning conflicts with the information provided on loan documentation at the bank. Albert Gable needs to determine the best course of action to take in this situation. The Stakeholders The stakeholders involved are: Page 3 1. Albert Gable – As the CPA, his professional business ethics are at risk and his personal reputation is on the line. He also has a large bonus weighing on his decision. 2. Mrs. Wilson – She has the understanding that her marriage is not at risk and the financial planning is for the benefit of her and her husband for their future. 3. Mr. Wilson – If he is not being honest with his wife and is planning on divorcing her, the information that Albert has uncovered during the audit could create problems for him. . The loan officer – the loan officer that shared Mr. Wilson’s personal information with Mr. Gable. 5. The bank – the relationship Mr. Gable had with the Wilson’s as personal financial planner was not disclosed to the bank and is a conflict of interest. Course of Action The best course of action that Mr. Gable should take is to meet with the Wilson’s and explain that he cannot continue w ith their personal financial planning. He should have them seek out another financial planning firm to complete their personal financial plans. He should explain to them that he completes the annual audit for the bank and during the audit he discovered discrepancies with the loan information and the bank statements provided to him to prepare their personal finances and due to the discrepancies he feels it is necessary to remove himself as their personal planner. By removing himself as the Wilson’s personal financial planner, this eliminates the conflict of interest with the bank audit. By informing the Wilson’s they need to locate another Page 4 irm and cannot use the CPA firm he is partner with for financial planning removes all conflict business and personal and maintains business and personal ethics. Furthermore, he needs to notify the bank of the conflict with the Wilson account and that he will not be able to conduct an audit of their accounts due the relationship that was initially formed with the personal finance planning. By following the above steps he protects the clients, the bank and upholds his pro fessionalism and his business ethics. Impact to Stakeholder The deontology approach was used to determine the course of action. This approach to ethics emphasizes doing what one should do in accordance with rules, obligations and/or ethical principles of the profession. The impact of the decision could cost Mr. Gable the banks account but if he would have acknowledge upfront his knowledge of the Wilsons prior to beginning the audit on their loan documents the situation could have been diverted. He is also losing a client, the Wilson’s due to the bank audit and the review he completed of their loan documents. If he would have acknowledged to the bank and had the file removed from the audit all of this could have been avoided. Mr. Gable will need to take the time and explain to his client the Wilson’s but he needs to keep it at a professional level and not discuss what was discovered only that it is conflict of interest. Conclusion Mr. Gable used poor judgment in his decision making process and has violated the ethic rules of the accounting profession. During the audit of the bank documentation he should have immediately notified the bank of the conflict with the Wilson file. He needed to be upfront with the bank and explain the Wilson’s were also a client of his for personal financial planning Page 5 nd have the file removed from the sample audit or bring in a third party to complete the audit on the Wilson documents. The loan officer should not have shared the personal information with Mr. Gable and Mr. Gable should have ended the conversation before it began. Sharing with the Wilson’s that discrepancies were noted between bank statements and loan documentation will allow the Wilsonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s to clear up the discrepancies at the bank in regards to their accounts. Page 6 References Brooks, L. J. , 2007. Business & professional ethics for directors, executives & accountants (4th ed). Mason, OH: Thomas South-Western.

Canon Marketing Project Essay

Introduction: About Canon Incorporation Canon Incorporation is a Japanese multinational company that specializes in manufacturing imaging and optical products worldwide. The company manufactures many products like cameras, lenses, camcorders, photo printers, office network multifunction devices, laser printers, laser multifunction devices, solution soft wares and many more Industry & Business products. Canon`s headquarters is situated in Ohtaku, Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded on 10th of August in the year of 1937. The company was founded by Takeshi Mitarai, Goro Yoshida, Saburo Uchida and Takeo Maeda in Tokyo, Japan. When the company was founded its name in 1934 was Kwanon named by Goro Yoshida and later in 1947 the name had changed to Canon Inc. The present Chairman and CEO of Canon Inc. is Fujio Mitarai. The company`s first product was Kwanon (1934) the Japan` First 35 mm focal-plane-shutter camera produced in prototype form. The company has three divisions; Consumer Business Unit, Office Business Unit and Industry & Others Business Unit. The divisions have spread their products in the following manner; Consumer Business Unit: Digital SLR Cameras, Compact Digital Cameras, Digital Camcorders, Lenses for SLR Cameras, Compact Photo Printers, Multifunction Inkjet Printers, Inkjet Printers, Commercial Photo Printers, Multimedia Projectors, Image Scanners, Network Cameras and Broadcast Equipment. Office Business Unit: Office Network Multifunction Devices, Laser Printers, Lase Multifunction Devices and Solution Software, Toner Cartridges, Digital Production Printers and Large-Format Inkjet printers. Industry & Others Business Unit: LCD Lithography Systems, Semiconductor Lithography Systems, Ophthalmic Equipment, Digital Radiography Systems, Document Scanners, Color Label/ Card printers, Personal Information Products, Handy Terminals, Components, Die Bonders, Organic LED Panel Manufacturing Equipment and Vacuum T hin-Film Deposition Equipment. The company`s foundation rise from guiding principles of San-Ji (Three selfs) that have been passed down since Canon was founded they are; Self-motivation, Self-management, Self-awareness. These Three Selfs continue to serve as the company`s most important guiding principles. Vision & Mission (2011-2015): Canon Inc. VISION Simple advanced solutions freeing people to live their dreams and lead enriched lives at home and at work. & to be a group of service creation companies that practices the principle of customer focus with a global perspective. MISSION To provide optimal value through marketing innovation that enhances security and peace of mind and supports creativity in all areas of life, work and society. Canon Incorporation has a DNA. It`s called Canon`s Corporate DNA: Canon had been developing Excellent Global Corporation Plan since 1996 when Fujio Mitarai became the Canon`s 6th company president. as three Phases till now Phase I (1996 – 2000), II (2001 – 2005), and III (2006 – 2010) which led the company to aim to the world`s No.1. Now the company is ready with its Excellent Global Corporation Plan Phase IV for the next 5 fiscal years 2011 – 2015. The history of the company started with the enterprising spirit to make the world`s best camera. THE TIMELINE OF HIGHLIGHTS & MILESTONES 1933: Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory was established. 1934: Kwanon Camera prototype developed. 1936: Hansa Canon Camera Introduced. 1937: Precision Optical industry, Co., Ltd. was founded. 1941: Japan`s first Indirect X-ray Camera Introduced. 1947: The company name changed to Canon Camera Co., Inc. 1955: New York branch office opened. 1957: Sole European distributor, Canon Europa, established. 1961: Canonet Camera Introduced. 1964: Canola 130 Calculator Introduced. 1967: Cameras in the right hand, business machines in the left. 1969: Company name changed to Canon Inc. 1970: PPC-1 mask aligner introduced. 1976: Premier Company Plan Launched. 1976: AE-1 SLR camera introduced. â€Å"The world’s first SLR camera with a built in microcomputer† 1979: LBP-10 Laser printer introduced. 1982: PC-10/20 personal copying machine introduced. 1985: BJ-80 Inkjet printer introduced. 1987: CLC-1 digital full-color copying machine introduced. 1987: EOS 650 AF SLR camera introduced. â€Å"EOS AF cameras & lens are one of the best ever produced† 1988: Corporate philosophy of Kyosei introduced with the company`s second inauguration. 1990: Toner cartridge collection &recycling program launched. 1996: Excellent global corporation plan launched. 2000: Canon Inc. ADRs listed on the New York Stock Exchange. 2000: PowerShot S100 DIGITA ELPH (DIGITAL IXUS) compact digital camera launched. â€Å"Canon`s PowerShot is one of the bestselling camera brand in the world.† 2002: EOS-1Ds Digital SLR camera launched. 2006: Image PROGRAF IPF9000 printer launched. 2007: ImagePRESS C7000VP digital press introduced. 2009: ImageRUNNER ADVANCE network multifunction device introduced. 2011: Excellent Global Plan Phase IV launched. 2012 – : â€Å"striving to create the best products possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† â€Å"Canon`s EOS cameras have the photographic power to break into the world of movie and television.† Even in the Hollywood the film makers use these camera functions for best results. Through new inventions, Canon is committed to meeting the ever-growing expectations for digital camera. In 2010, Canon has welcomed Oce N. V. of Netherlands into its group which helped canon to be the one in worlds best printers manufacturers. Canons equipment is also used widely in the Medical treatments in Japan and United States which led to many successful surgeries. In these ways, Canon is applying leading-edge imaging technology toward making people`s lives healthier. The company has an ample amount of production units around the world in the most optimum locations worldwide. Knowing that earth-friendly production is vital for the future, Canon relentlessly continues its focus on globally optimized production. The Company`s all Corporate Activities include; Research & Development (R&D), Design, Procurement, Production, Distribution, Sales & Marketing, Post-Purchase Services, Recycling, Environment, Quality. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Business Highlights & Global ranking 2010 Canon was ranked in 216th for Net Sales Globally by FORTUNE Global 500 (Fortune, June26 2010 Issue). It was ranked in 190th in 2009. Canon was ranked in 202nd for Net Income Globally by FORTUNE Global 500 (Fortune, June26 2010 Issue). It was ranked in 131st in 2009. Canon Inc. was ranked in 93rd for Market Capitalization by FINANCIAL TIMES Global 500. It was ranked 104th in 2009.* Canon Inc. was ranked 7th in Technology Hardware & Equipment sector by FT Global 500.* *[Financial Times, May 29/30 2010 Issue] Canon Inc. was ranked 4th in the TOP TEN U.S. patent holders. i.e. 2,543 in No. of Patents. *Based on weekly patent counts issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. â€Å"Canon`s EOS cameras have the photographic power to break into the world of movie and television.† Even in the Hollywood the film makers use these camera functions for best results. Through new inventions, Canon is committed to meeting the ever-growing expectations for digital camera. In 2010, Canon has welcomed Oce N. V. of Netherlands into its group which helped canon to be the one in worlds best printers manufacturers. Canons equipment is also used widely in the Medical treatments in Japan and United States which led to many successful surgeries. In these ways, Canon is applying leading-edge imaging technology toward making people`s lives healthier. The company has an ample amount of production units around the world in the most optimum locations worldwide. Knowing that earth-friendly production is vital for the future, Canon relentlessly continues its focus on globally optimized production. The Michael Porter`s five competitive forces: Canon Inc. 1. Threat from potential new entrants: The Canon Incorporation now in the imaging industry has an ample amount of considerable standard as well as many competitors at the same time. But the company always needs to be deliberately awake to have a look at new entrants ready to break into the industry. It does have a threat from the new companies. The Canon Inc. has to be concerning about the important factors like price they throw newly into the market and product range they throw in the market. Bigger the new entrant, the more severe the competitive effect would be. If any new companies who come into the industry of imaging and printing will have the ability that can shift the interest of canon customers towards their brand then, the company will surely have to take care of the existing standards, as to how did the new company tried to take the minds off from the Canon. The company shall take up the strategies to avoid that situation with hitting promotions that will never turn up the customers towards other companies and brands. 2. Bargaining power of customers: Like it happens in the small scale companies the users of industrial products come never together exert pressure on the producer directly. The company receives the competition in this aspect indirectly may be not because of the direct bargaining of customers but, the willingness of the customers to pay such price for the product is all that matters and concerns. The Canon Inc. shall keenly receive the proper feedback about the price and willingness of customers to pay the price for their products from all the parts of the world. Through this measure the company can not only avoid the pressure upon the prices that the company charges but also upon the costs and investments. 3. Bargaining power of suppliers: The company will also have the pressure from the supplier’s side in bargaining. Suppose the Canon Inc. needs the plastic material to assemble their products, if the suppliers for the plastic i.e. the raw material to the company are very limited and the company have the situation only to depend upon them, they supplier will obviously have the chance and opportunity on the price they were paid. The company has to look at this important force. 4. Rivalry among the current players: The three important things to be kept in concern for Canon to overcome a lot of heavy competition from the already existing companies and brands are; (I) Prices that keeps on changing (II) Advertising and (III) Pressures on Costs, Product and so on. Mainly a heavy competition often imposed in the same industry in the market are from Nikon, Olympus, Sony, Fujifilm, Panasonic, Kodak, Samsung in the industry of camera (SLR and Compact) manufacturing. Nikkor AF from Nikon, Carl Ziess, Olympus Zuiko/ M Zuiko, Sigma, Tamron, Tokina in the industry of lens manufacturing. Nikon, Metz, Olympus in the industry of camera accessories manufacturing. Hewlett-Packard, Xerox, Ricoh, Samsung, IBM, NEC, Panasonic, Sony, Benq, LG etc. in the industry of office equipment, heavy printer, scanner, projector etc. manufacturing. Therefore because of such a heavy competition from many companies Canon Inc. has to be awake all the time with regard to the strategies, policies, promotions and prices of its competitors and plan the strategies accordingly. 5. Threats from substitutes: The threat from the substitutes is in fact most unsafe threat unlike others. Here it would be very severe because the product itself is getting substituted. For example, the mobile phone with a good camera facility to some extent substitutes the cameras at times. Therefore the target people has to be educated about the advantages of the company`s products and services properly. If the new product in the market substitutes the trend of the product then, the company has to care about their new products which would substitute the competitor`s products or at least competes with them. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policy Canon expresses its appreciation through its CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) activities. In Vietnam, the focus is on the younger generations. Canon CSR activities also include support for the building of schools, volunteer projects in which the company`s employees help repair school facilities and plant trees, and donations of school supplies. At the heart of Canon CSR is the hope that the company`s ongoing efforts may help nurture the next generation of leaders. Marketing Policy of Canon Inc. Canon Inc. prefers to always take effort to achieve success in marketing unlike the product, sales & production fields. The marketing concept of Canon Inc. holds that consumers prefer to buy a product that best satisfies their needs. The main focus of the company is to know and understand the consumer needs and then produce products that satisfy their needs. According to Philip Kotler (One of the world`s most leading authorities in marketing management), Canon is one of very few handful number of companies which actually practice the marketing concept. Canon Inc. focuses on the customer and is organized to respond effectively to changing customer needs. The company has well-staffed marketing departments. Canon Inc. manufactures fax machines, printers, network devices, projectors etc. and sells them to various consumer, business and government markets. It makes the company benefited selling its goods to diverse set of markets. (As according to the statement given in the company`s official corporate profile) â€Å"[Canon companies worldwide do more than ordinary conventional sales and marketing. The thing that makes that more relevant is its one of its kind & unique customer services. They use leading-edge information and communication technology to connect consumers to the latest products, services and tailored solutions. Canon Inc. is a big family, which has spread to about 180 countries and regions. They develop trust and reputation for strength and reliability.]† The main step of Canon Inc. that really makes its marketing policies efficient is its GLOBAL SALES & MARKETING FRAMEWORK. This enables Canon Inc. have Regional Marketing Headquarters like Canon U.S.A, Canon Europe, Canon China, Canon Australia and Canon Marketing Japan. They make marketing policies not globally but all according to the region`s local market. This step was taken to improve the quality of marketing policies suitably according to the regions. Not all the regions would have the same kind of market; every region would have a different market. These regional heads make the policies individually suitable to different markets. Heavy number of staff like marketing managers etc. researches the local market and makes policies accordingly to the local market. This helps the company in a very effective way because of its one of its kind planning of marketing policies individually through regional marketing head offices. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. (Page 13, Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Millennium Edn., Tenth Edition: Pearson Publishing, US. ISBN: 0-536-63099-2).

Abolition

The slave abolition movement in the United States to counter stronger resistance tried to use various tactics and organization to abolish slavery. Anti-slavery movement mobilized many African Americans and white people trying to end slavery. Black and white abolitionists often work together, but their relationship is complicated. The struggle against black abolitionists is more personal because it ends slavery and desires equal rights to black people. The abolition of slavery was done at different times in different countries. It often happens at several stages, such as abolishing slave trade in a particular country and then abolishing slavery throughout the empire. Each step is usually the result of a separate law or action. On this timeline, the abolished laws and acts are listed in chronological order. It includes abolition of agriculture. Louis X declared slavery abolishment, declared that France means liberty, declared that slaves in French soil should be released. However, some limited cases of slavery continued in several Mediterranean ports in Provence, France until the 17th century, and in some parts of France until the 18th century. From 1315 to 1318, most aspects of agriculture were virtually eliminated. One of the biggest moments of American history is when you abolish slavery, that is, when you abolish slavery. While this is a dramatic and important case, abolition means removing systems, practices and institutions. The sports league wants to cancel drugs that improve performance. Everyone wants to see all cities cancel the mouse. If it is abolished it will be abolished

Processes and definitions of Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay

Processes and definitions of Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example The consideration of the above factors does assist an entrepreneur in achieving success in the business venture he intends to get into. A business plan includes the business idea that an entrepreneur is considering venturing into. It also describes his reasons for venturing into the business, his financial ability to invest in the venture, the location of his business and the available sources of raw materials (Parker, 2004). Strategic Objectives These are the goals that a business sets to achieve in the short and long run periods. They assist in the formation of the long-term plans in order to achieve a specific purpose for the business (Wiklund, 2006).These objectives are made by the strategic management in a business. They formulate these strategies to achieve the objectives that the business first intends to achieve (Landoli and Landstorm, 2007).When coming up with the strategic objectives for the business, the management will need to consider their scope of operations, their fin ancial abilities, their target customers along with their levels of income. The adoption of a strategy involves the interaction of societal, intellectual, monetary, political and emotional forces (Wiklund, 2006). When formulating strategic objectives, the consideration of the above issues will greatly enable an entrepreneur to achieve success in his business endeavors. A business plan has to incorporate the objectives that the entrepreneur aims to achieve in the long run and the means of achieving them (Landoli and Landstorm, 2007). Market Analysis and Research Market analysis involves the carrying out of extensive investigations into the elements that affect the market of a certain commodity or product (Parker, 2004). The market needs to be analyzed in terms of the supply of the raw materials, the demand for the products and services and the cost and availability of the raw materials requires for business (Fischer, 2007). The market analysis can also involve the assessment of the a ccessibility to the business by the customers and an analysis of the target market. When a proper analysis is done on the above conditions, success is likely to come to the entrepreneurs venture. The analysis should provide direction on what are the strengths and weaknesses of the business, the growth opportunities the business has and the threats the business is likely to encounter (Parker, 2004). A business plan should include the type of customers a business will deal with, the overall market share the business intends to control, the pricing strategy to be put to use, and the sales, promotion and distribution strategies to use in the business (Parker, 2004). A statement of the research methods that a business plans to use is also on display in the business plan. Research helps in the creation of better products that assist in satisfying the customer’s needs in a more cost effective way. It also assists an entrepreneur in learning the newest methods of producing goods that are of more superior quality than those currently in use by the consumers. Research is very essential for a success to be achievable in the efforts of an entrepreneur. This is because it gives him or her greater insight into their market systems thus enabling him to build a

Management communication - memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management communication - memo - Assignment Example It is an inter-level choice because of one heading and use of white space to stress points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using information displays of green blocks with information being stressed the bottom of the document. The document has used a framework of imaginary columns to merge graphic elements. The document can be improved utilizing headings to set points, using more than one font, as well as color moderation (Glushko & McGrath, 2008). Page Design 3: It is within the intra-level of design because of the use of different fonts and sizes, some in italics and others in bold. It is also an inter-level choice because of the different headings of different fonts and sizes. The document uses white space to accentuate points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using a colored picture at the centre of the document, and four other graphical pictures, which are black and white, evenly distributed within the document. The document is within the supra-level of document design because of the paper size change, grids that delineate the look of every section of the document. The document can be improved by utilizing one or two fonts, as well as using color highlights (Garcia, 2007). Page Design 4: It is within the intra-level of design because of the use of one type of font in bold. It is an inter-level choice because of the dissimilar headings of different sizes. The document utilizes white space to highlight points. It is also an extra-level choice because of using a colored picture placed at the bottom center of the document. It is also within the supra-level of document design because of the, color formats, grids that describe the look of every section of the document. The document can be improved by using two fonts or less and putting important elements in the top left and lower right quadrants of the page (Carliner et. al.,

IT in architectural competition (BIM, simulation and DIGITALO) Essay

IT in architectural competition (BIM, simulation and DIGITALO) - Essay Example This was achieved in phases. In the first phase, models were required in ordinary projects and for a limited number of design jobs only. Modeling was applied to new construction as well as renovation works. If a particular project did not reveal any specific advantage of modeling, such project was excluded from the exercise. On this basis, the first phase development covered a number of projects with estimated values at hundreds of millions of Euros 114. performed. In the architectural design, modeling was applied throughout the process, starting with the presentation of alternatives based on space models and ending with the tender documents for the contracting stage. In the project planning stage, the main emphasis for modeling was on enabling investment decision by comparing alternatives’ scope, costs and lifecycle attributes. To facilitate cost control, typical data in conformity with the room schedule / spaces were added to the modeling technique. The quantity and scope data obtained from a model in the draft stage were being used to support the cost estimates. The modeling technique also permitted accurate estimation of the energy needs of a building, providing for appropriate budget and for monitoring the actual consumption during its occupation stage. Similarly, the HEPAC systems were being modeled in the detail design stage but only on a case-by-case basis. These developments led to the use and data content of the mod els as binding requirements in design agreements 115. computer. It helps the observer to feel at first hand the experience of reality even though he is only observing a virtual image. It is a tool for experimentation and training when they are prohibited in real life by both costs and practical considerations. For example, airline pilots are trained on simulators before being allowed to operate actual aircraft; an architect may present his designs in the simulation mode

How Tibor Kalman Did His Designing Work and how he utilized his Essay

How Tibor Kalman Did His Designing Work and how he utilized his creativity - Essay Example The author of the paper tells how Tibor dropped out for journalism classes. Before joining the journalism classes, he had spent a year picking cotton in Cuba then returned to the US in 1971. Kalman created window displays for a New York University student book exchange which impressed the owner dearly. The owner was known as Leonard Riggio. Later on, he was appointed as the supervisor of the bookstore’s in-house design department by Riggio. This marked his baby steps in his works as an author. Later in the year 1979, Kalman, Carol Bokuniewicz and Liz Trovato came together and established the design, M & Co. firm that faired very well in the field. Kalman left as the supervisor as he proved dissatisfactory. The firm did a lot of corporate work for clients who were diverse including the Limited Corporation, the new wave group and so on. In the early 1990s, on top of that, Kalman was also known to have worked with the interview magazines as the creative director. This shows how a dvanced he was and unique when it came to works of creativity. Perhaps it is one of the traits that contributed to his success in the field of designs (Tibor Kalman). Later on, the Benson sponsored Colors magazine sought his expertise as the founding editor-in-chief and this led to Kalman dissolving the M & Co. firm back in the year 1993 to solely and devotedly work on the magazine, thus he relocated to Rome. He made an effort of moving his family to Rome due to the zeal he had towards working for Colors. The Colors worked with the motto that stated, ‘A magazine about the rest of the world’. With this respect, it narrowed down and focused on multiculturalism and international awareness. It was, therefore, one very important magazine on an international level and was well recognized even externally. Therefore, working here meant Kalman’s growth and advancement as a creative work in the field of design.

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Question - Essay Example 486). This view gives hegemony between deafness and deafhood. While deafness is a medical condition, deafhood represents a continuous struggle by deaf people to explain their existence to the world (Hauser 2010, p. 486). Deafhood, in this case, is interpreted as a process rather than an end that characterizes the perception of deafness. In this view, the world should recognize deaf people as normal but different. In describing normal, the term recognizes deaf people as individuals capable of emotions and rationality just as other hearing people do (Ladd 2003, p. 176). In describing different, however, the term recognizes deaf people as individuals facing different challenges from hearing people. The medical definition of deaf people has characterized them as strange and helpless people who demand help from the hearing people. This means the society typified the deaf as people who are less capable of surviving in an ordinary world. In essence, deaf people are just normal people whose langu age system differs from the hearing people ((Ladd 2005, p. 13). Oralism and audism, therefore, are great challenges for deaf people in defining themselves to the world. The society symbolically participates in eugenics in order to define a distinct way in which every person should define oneself. This occurs as the society highlights the traits it considers as positive and the traits it considers as negative (Ladd 2003, p. 18). In a physical sense, the society invests in activities such as genetic engineering, genocide, and selective breeding as a means of identifying the part of the population it deems fit for life. Oralism is an educational philosophy that focuses on the development of speech and listening skills (Ladd 2005, p. 13). This philosophy constrains the individuality of deaf people by claiming that if everyone is taught reading through lips and auditory input, they eventually attain