Bram Stokers Dracula :: Bram Stoker Dracula Essays

Bram Stoker's Dracula In act 2 scene 6 and act 3 scene 6 of the play ‘Dracula’, the playwrite creates impressive tension by using spine-chilling, ghostly settings, and slyly showing us situations in which characters such as vampires, prey on vulnerable characters such as Mina. Also, he uses soliloquies to give the opposing character no power. Also, by using soliloquies in these scenes he gives the point of view from the weak characters’ eyes. Firstly, the playwrite creates impressive tension by using shadowy, ghostly settings. This is shown in the line â€Å"she took me through the abbey and into the churchyard†, from act 2 scene 6. Act 2 scene 6 is set in the graveyard. Lucy is at home in the graveyard when she says â€Å"I like it here, don’t you ? Among the dead. It’s so peaceful†. This creates a creepy atmosphere as at night time humans avoid visiting graveyards. Also, in this scene the child is shown to be scared by saying, â€Å"It’s dark† and â€Å"I ought to go home now.† The setting could be improved by adding tomb-stones and mysterious dark shapes in the background. Act 3 scene 6 is set in Jonathan’s bedroom at night. Mina says in the play â€Å"flowers of garlic were hung from the window frames†, which suggests she was scared of Dracula. She also has a crucifix on the table. Mina says â€Å"the night air touched my face†, setting a ghostly scene. The setting could be improved by having Dracula bursting his way in through a locked door. This would cause shock and increase the feeling of tension. Secondly, the playwrite creates tension by showing us situations in which characters prey on other characters. In act 2 scene 6 Lucy is preying on a child. She talks sympathetically in the line â€Å"Do you want to go for a walk?† The child has not really been given any choice by Lucy, but to accompany her. She then takes him to the graveyard and sits him on a bench and lulls him to sleep. When the child is asleep, Lucy bends over him and intends to do some harm. Luckily Seward and Van Helsing are there to stop her. You could improve this scene by making the child more reluctant to go with Lucy, thus creating more tension. In act 3 scene 6 Dracula preys on Mina, who is vulnerable and he thinks she will go with him easily. He uses persuasion at first in the quotes â€Å"No need to fear me, it is our destiny to walk together† and â€Å"I bring you life†. It does not work

Analysis of Different Banks Performance in Bangladesh by Using Published Financial Statements

07 August 2007 Md. Mahfuzur Rahman 2003-2-10-187 BBA East West University Dear Mahfuz: As the students of business administration are supposed to prepare a Report and submit that at the end of the semester, you are authorized to choose an interesting issue and construct a formal report on that. The issue should be the â€Å"Analysis of Basel Agreement and It’s influence on Bank’s of Bangladesh†. The report should include some key steps such as Executive summary, introduction, conclusion, sources of information and the analysis. The title should be a statement which will describe the report precisely. I will appreciate if you prepare the report according to the instruction given. Thanks Nikhil Chandra Shil Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor East West University 07 August, 2007 Nikhil Chandra Shil Senior Lecturer & Assistant Proctor Department of Business Administration 43 Mohakhali C/A Dhaka, Bangladesh Dear Sir: Here is the report on the â€Å"Analysis of Basel Agreement and It’s influence on Bank’s of Bangladesh†. As you will find that I have conducted an in-depth investigation and analysis of different type’s ratio and tried to analyze certain circumstances and displayed our results of analysis and findings in this report. I will really appreciate if you go through the report and express your feedback on that. Thanks Sincerely Md. Mahfuzur Rahman 2003-2-10-187 Acknowledgement The report is based on the performance analysis of different bank in Bangladesh. While any an all errors of fact, omission, and emphasis are solely our responsibility. I would remiss, if I did not acknowledge those who helped me to prepare this report. First of all I must humbly acknowledge the contribution of Nikhil Chandra Shil for the time and effort to help me. I have had the good fortunate of meeting him in personally and share his views and ideas. Next I must thank the University for offering us this project (BUS 498) course and our course instructor for his encouragement and cooperation. I believe it will help us in understanding and identifying different types of risk in the banking sector. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of my parents. Although they didn't write a single word of this report or any artworks, but their imprint can be found on everything I do. They support me, encourage e, and inspire me. They give my work – and my live -meaning. It is my Mother who provides me all the love and affection. | | |Chapter 1 |04-16 | |1. 1 Origin of the Report, Objective |06 | |1. 2 Methodology, Scope, Limitations |08 | |1. Executive Summary |09 | |1. 4 Introduction |11 | |1. 5 Banking Industry –Overview |12 | |1. 6 Credit Rating Status |16 | |Chapter 2 |17-22 | |2. Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |17 | |2. 2 Earning Per Share |18 | |2. 3 Liquidity Risk |20 | |2. 4 Credit Risk |20 | |2. 5 Capital Risk |21 | |3. Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |23 | |3. 2 Earning Per Share |24 | |3. 3 Liquidity Risk |26 | |3. 4 Credit Risk |26 | |3. 5 Capital Risk |27 | |4. Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |29 | |4. 2 Earning Per Share |30 | |4. 3 Liquidity Risk |32 | |4. 4 Credit Risk |33 | |4. 5 Capital Risk |34 | |5. 1 Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |35 | |5. Earning Per Share |36 | |5. 3 Liquidity Risk |38 | |5. 4 Credit Risk |38 | |5. 5 Capital Risk |39 | |6. Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |41 | |6. 2 Earning Per Share |42 | |6. 3 Liquidity Risk |44 | |6. 4 Credit Risk |45 | |6. Capital Risk |45 | |Chapter 7: City Bank |47-52 | |7. 1 Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |47 | |7. 2 Earning Per Share |48 | |7. 3 Liquidity Risk |50 | |7. Credit Risk |51 | |7. 5 Capital Risk |51 | |Chapter 8: Uttara Bank |53-58 | |8. 1 Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |53 | |8. 2 Earning Per Share |54 | |8. Liquidity Risk |55 | |8. 4 Credit Risk |56 | |8. 5 Capital Risk |57 | |Chapter 9: Prime Bank |59-64 | |9. 1 Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |59 | |9. 2 Earning Per Share |60 | |9. Liquidity Risk |62 | |9. 4 Credit Risk |63 | |9. 5 Capital Risk |63 | |Chapter 10: Southeast Bank |65-70 | |10. 1 Key Profitability Ratios In Banking |65 | |10. Earning Per Share |66 | |10. 3 Liquidity Risk |68 | |10. 4 Credit Risk |68 | |10. 5 Capital Risk |67 | |Chapter 11: Conclusion |71-73 | |11. 1 Conclusion |71 | |11. Bibliography |73 | Chapter-1 Introduction ORIGIN OF THE REPORT This report has been prepared as a requirement for the completion of the BBA program of the Department of Business Administration, at East West University, Dhaka. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the report is to illuminate on the different ratio analysis of some major private bank in Bangladesh and its Comparative Analysis with other Banks prevailing in the market. I will also try to find out how the performance of the bank is improving over the years and how it is contributing to the growth of the banking sector. The following specific objectives can be identified: 1. To make a comparative study on nine major private bank in Bangladesh. 2. To suggest suitable measures to remove the existing problems (if any) & improve the present condition. DATA Data used in this project are derived from the published financial statements of nine banks operating in Bangladesh as of 31 December 2001, 31 to December 2005 from 48 banks operating in Bangladesh. There are some banks whose financial statements either are not available or contain some incomplete or missing accounts, or are contradictory hence they are deleted from observation. Banks are chosen by their status of operation. I have chosen some Liquidated Banks, some Problem Banks, and some Normal Banks for my research. INITIAL VARIABLES There are some basic financial performance and structural characteristics to evaluate a bank, namely profitability, efficiency or productivity, quality of assets, growth and aggressiveness, liquidity, size, capital adequacy, income diversification, and dependence on affiliates. There is, certainly, no single variable which could measure and represent each characteristic perfectly. There are, typically, several variables that proximate to a characteristic of interest. Based on literature review on banking and financial institutions and initial judgment, I chose the following variables to represent each characteristic as listed below. Earning and profitability: Return on Assets (ROA) = Net Income / Assets (NI/A) Return on Equity (ROE) = Net Income / Equity (NI/E) Return on Earning Assets (ROEA) = Net Income / Earning Assets (NI/EA) Return on Loans (ROL) = Interest Income / Loans (II/L) Interest Income / Earning Assets (II/EA) Net Interest Income / Earning Assets (NII/EA) Interest Margin (IM) = Return on Fund – Cost of Fund (IM) Productivity and Efficiency: Operating Expense / Operating Income (OE/OI) Profit Margin (PM) = Earning Before Taxes / Operating Income (EBT/OI) Sta. Expense / Assets (SE/A) Non-interest Expense / Assets (NonIE/A) Quality of Assets: Write-offs / Loans (W/L) Provision for Loan Losses / Loans (PLL/L) Provision for Loan Losses / Equity (PLL/E) Capital Adequacy: Equity / Assets (E/A) Equity / Earning Assets (E/EA) Equity / Loans (E/L) Growth and Aggressiveness: Loans Growth Rate (LGR) Loans-Market-Share Increment (LMSI) Deposit Growth Rate (DGR) Deposit-Market-Share Increment (DMSI) Equity Growth Rate (EGR) Loans to Deposit Ratio = Loans / Deposit (L/D) Credibility or Cost of Fund: Interest Expense / Deposit (IE/D) Interest Expense / Third Party Fund (IE/TPF) Size: ln (Assets) (lnA) Income and Sources of Fund Diversification: Non-interest Income / Operating Income (NonII/OI) Deposit / Third Party Fund (D/TPF) Liquidity: Liquid Assets / Deposit (LA/D) METHODOLOGY The study required information regarding the past & present condition of different Bank in Bangladesh. Necessary data and information were gathered, secondary data, and annual report. a) Sources of Data: The following sources had been used for the purpose the purpose of collecting data as required for this report: Primary sources: I) Observation, ii) Personal communication with course instructor Secondary Sources: I) Annual and other periodical reports of different Bank in Bangladesh ii) Various manuals (conditions of use guides) and brochures, iii) Service Rules & IV) Miscellaneous Publications. SCOPE The report is limited to the understanding of credit risk, capital risk, liquidity risk analysis, and find out the key profitability ratio, and a comparative interpretation to that analysis. It was really difficult for me to gather all the necessary information because the managers were not cooperative at all. As a result, we have chosen the following nine banks based on the availability of information we get. LIMITATIONS 1. As a student of business administration, analyzing of different sorts of risk and ratio is new for me so it took some time to understand. Besides three months time is inadequate to prepare such a robust report. 2. It was very difficult to get the actual information from the annual report; some of the information is not given the annual report. 3. Sufficient records, publications were not available. The constraints narrowed the scope of real analysis. 4. Most of the time I have faced the problem with the annual report which is prepared before 2000. 5. Accounting practice is different for the different bank. 6. Credit Worthiness: At present, we do not have any credit rating company in our country and information on the customer from the third party is also not always reliable. Therefore, we need to make our own scoring system. Since it will be a very difficult to prepare a standard scoring system to assess everybody’s credit worthiness so we shall also have top substantially depend on judgmental analysis to make decision on every individual cases. Every individual case shall be unique and separate from others. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Bank |Profitability |Liquidity Risk |Credit Risk |Capital Risk | |Dhaka Bank |Average |Low |Low |Average | |NCC Bank |High |High |Low |Average | |National Bank |Average |Low |Average |High | |Al-Arafah Bank |Average |High |High |High | |Eastern Bank |High* |Low |Average |Low | |City Bank |High |Low |Average |Average | |Uttara Bank |High |High |Low |Average | |Prime Bank |High** |Average |Low |Low | |Southeast Bank |Average |High |Average |Average | TABLE: Summery of Risk Categor ies |Risk Type |Definition |Comment | |Country Risk |( The risk that a counter party is unable to meet its |( Country risk is often confused with sovereign risk, | | |foreign currency obligations as a result of adverse |which is the counter party credit risk of the government. | |economic conditions or actions taken by governments in | | | |the relevant country. |( Country Risk is also often referred to as transfer risk | | | |or cross border risk. | | | | | | | |( Country related events such as economic downturn, | | | |political changes; devaluation etc. ill often have | | | |significant impact on the other risks that SCB must | | | |manage. | |Credit Risk |( The risk that a counter party will not settle its |( Assessing this risk requires an understanding of the | | |obligations in accordance within agreed terms |customers ability and willingness to pay but also its | | | |understanding of the risks it faces and how well it | | | |manages them e. g. environmental risks | |Liqu idity Risk |( The isk that funds will not be available to meet |( Includes the management of cash flow under business as | | |liabilities as they fall due |usual and stress conditions together with setting of | | | |targets for balance sheet ratios. | |Market Risk |( The risk of loss generated by adverse changes in the |( Does not include the risk of price movements in other | | |price of assets or contracts currently held by the |markets e. g. stocks and shares, property, commodities. | | |company (this risk is also known as price risk). |Does include basis risk. |Capital Risk |( The risk that a bank capital might be undergone |( Equity Capital/Total Assets has been increased but | | | |Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities | |Business Risk |( The risk of failing to achieve business targets due |( Includes decisions on the markets we operate in, | | |to inappropriate strategies, inadequate resources or |products offered, and customers targeted and the terms and| | |changes in the econo mic or competitive environment |conditions of conducting business. | |Legal and Regulatory Risk |( The risk of non compliance with legal or regulatory |( Includes banking specific legislation and regulations | | |requirements. |but also all applicable laws. In extreme cases could lead | | | |to loss of banking license(s). | Source: Bank Management & Financial Services (6th Edition) Pages: 161, 162, 164, 328, 472. INTRODUCTION The overall objective of my project report is to clearly identify and briefly discuss about the performance analysis of different bank in Bangladesh. To nalyze the performance of different bank I have analyzed different ratio and provided some interpretation of them. I have taken a total nine bank to evaluate the performance of them. And try to make a comparison among all of the following. 1. Dhaka Bank Ltd 2. National  Credit Ltd. 3. National  Bank Ltd. 4. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited (Al-Arafah) 5. Eastern Bank  Ltd. 6. The City  Bank Ltd. 7. Uttara Bank 8. Prime Bank Ltd. 9. South East  Bank Ltd Customer satisfaction is one of the core objectives of different bank. Taking decision to provide credit facility to a corporate customer is not easy in this fast changing global environment especially in Bangladesh. To smooth the whole process the work is divided. So, before making a decision the every necessary information should be carefully analyzed by different departments and different people who have gained expertise in their related field. Thus it helps both in making correct decision and smoothen the process to satisfy the customer need quickly. A bank is an organization that engages in the business of banking. Banks perform three functions: 1. Provide the means of payment through administering the checking account system. 2. Intermediate between depositors and borrowers by offering savings and time deposit- to depositors and providing all types of loans to borrowers. 3. Provide a variety of financial services, encompassing fiduciary services, investment banking and off-balance sheet risk taking. Commercial banks are private profit seeking enterprises, balancing risk and return to their portfolio management with the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. Share holders wealth depends on three factors: 1. The volume of cash flows resulting from portfolio decisions. 2. The timing of those cash flows 3. The risk and volatility of the cash flows. Commercial banks face six risks: 1. Credit or Default risk 2. Interest-rate risk 3. Liquidity risk 4. Operational risk 5. Capital. Risk 6. Fraud risk The Modern definition of a bank is, An institution that provides all financial services† (Source: SCB Handbook) and the core activity of a bank is to collect money from the people who has surplus with them and lend those money to people who has deficit, known as credit facility. Customers sought different kind of credit facility from banks and the banks try to provide as many as they can within their limited scope. Every bank follows a predefined structured procedure in providing credit facilities to their customers. BANKING INDUSTRY –OVERVIEW The banking industry in Bangladesh is more than 600 years old. The first commercial bank was ANZ Grindlays Bank which opened in1905. The central bank of the country, Bangladesh Bank controls and monitors the banking industry. At present there are 52 commercial (nationalized, foreign and local) banks. Currently, the major financial institutions under the banking system include: ? Bangladesh Bank ? Commercial Banks ? Islamic Banks ? Leasing Companies ? Finance Companies ? Merchant Banks Generally, the commercial banks and finance companies provide a myriad of banking products/services to cater to the needs of their customers. However, the Bangladeshi banking industry is characterized by the tight banking rules and regulation s set by the Bangladesh Bank. All banks and financial institutions are highly governed and controlled under the Banking Companies Act-1993. The range of banking products and financial services is also limited in scope. All local banks must maintain a 4% Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR), which is non-interest bearing and a 16% Secondary Liquidity Requirement (SLR). With the liberalization of markets, competition among the banking products and financial services seems to be growing more intense each day. In addition, the banking products offered in Bangladesh are fairly homogeneous in nature due to the tight regulations imposed by the central bank. Competing through differentiation is increasingly difficult and other banks quickly duplicate any innovative banking service. Bangladesh Bank Bangladesh Bank (BB) has been working as the central bank since the country's independence. Its prime jobs include issuing of currency, maintaining foreign exchange reserve and providing transaction facilities of all public monetary matters. BB is also responsible for planning the government's monetary policy and implementing it thereby. The BB has a governing body comprising of nine members with the Governor as its chief. Apart from the head office in Dhaka, it has nine more branches, of which two in Dhaka and one each in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Bogra, Sylhet, Rangpur and Barisal. Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs) |1. Sunali Bank | |2. Rupali bank | |3. Janata Bank | |4. Agrani Bank | Private Commercial Banks (PCBs) |1. Pubali Bank | |2. Uttara Bank | |3. National Bank | |4. The City Bank Ltd. | |5. United  Commercial  Bank Ltd. | |6. Arab  Bangladesh Bank Ltd. | |7. IFIC Bank  Ltd. | |8. Eastern Bank Ltd. | |9. National Credit & Comerce Bank Ltd. | |10. Prime Bank Ltd. | |11. South East bank Ltd. | |12. Dhaka Bank Ltd | |13. Dutch-Bangla  Bank Ltd. | |14. Mercantile Bank Ltd. | |15. Standard  Bank Ltd. | |16. One Bank  Ltd. | |17. EXIM Bank | |18. Bangladesh  Commerce Bank Ltd. | |19. Mutual  Trust Bank  Ltd. | |20. First  Security Bank Ltd. | |21. The Premier  Bank Ltd. | |22. Bank Asia  Ltd. | |23. The Trust Bank Ltd. | |24. Brac Bank Ltd. | Islamic Banks |1. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) | |Al Baraka Bank Bangladesh Limited (AL-Baraka) | |Al-Arafah Islamic Bank Ltd. (Al-Arafah) | |Social Investment Bank Limited (SIBL) | |Faysal Islamic Bank of Bahrain EC (FIBB) | |6. Shah Jalal Bank Limited (Based on Islamic Shariah) | Foreign / Multinational Banks |1. Habib Bank Ltd. | |2. State Bank Of India | |3. Credit  Agricole Indosuez (The Bank) | |4. National  Bank of Pakistan  Ã‚   | |5. Muslim  Commercial Bank Ltd. | |6. City Bank NA | |7. Hanvit Bank Ltd. | |8. HSBC Ltd. | |9. Shamil   Islami  Bank Of   Bahrain EC | |10. Standard Chartered   Bank | Development Banks |1. Bangladesh  Krishi Bank | |2. Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan  Bank | |3. Bangladesh  Shilpa Bank | |4. Bangladesh  Shilpa Rin  Sangstha   | |5. Bank of  Small Industries &  Commerce  Ã‚  Bangladesh Ltd. | Other Banks |1. Ansar VDP  Unnayan  Bank   | |2. Bangladesh  Samabai  Bank Ltd. BSBL)   | |3. Grameen  Bank   | |4. Karmasansthan  Bank   | Credit Rating Status of Researching Banks Operating in Bangladesh |SL. NO. |Name of Bank |Credit Rating Report |Rating as of |Name of the Agency |Remarks | | | |Long Term |Short Term | | | | |01. |Dhaka Bank Ltd |- |- |31. 12. 6 |CRAB |Expected to | | | | | | | |complete | | | | | | | |by May' 07 | |02. |NCC Bank Ltd |- |- |- |CRAB |Expected to | | | | | | | |complete | | | | | | | |by May ‘ 07 | |03. National Bank Ltd | A |ST-2 |31/12/06 |CRAB |- | |04. |Al-Arafah Islami |- |- |31. 12. 06 |CRISL |Expected to | | |Bank Ltd | | | | |complete | |05. |Eastern Bank Ltd |A |ST-3 |30/06/06 |CRISL |- | |06. |The City Bank Ltd |A- |ST-3 |31/12/06 |CRISL |- | |07. |Uttara Bank Ltd |- |- |31. 12. 6 |CRISL |Expected to | | | | | | | |complete | | | | | | | |by 30. 06. 07 | |08. |Prime Bank Ltd |AA |ST-2 |31/12/06 |CRISL | | |09. |South East Bank Ltd|A |ST-3 |22/06/06 |CRAB |CR report based on | | | | | | | |Dec'06, | Source: Bangladesh Bank (www. bangladesh-bank. org) Chapter-2 Dhaka Bank Limited Key Profitability Ratios in Banking | |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Return on Asset( ROA) |0. 015 |0. 012 |0. 013 |0. 013 |0. 014 | |Net interest Margin |0. 019 |0. 021 |0. 019 |0. 022 |0. 023 | |Net non-interest Margin |0. 024 |0. 030 |0. 022 |0. 020 |0. 019 | |Net Bank Operating Margin |0. 49 |0. 243 |0. 285 |0. 282 |0. 311 | [pic] Return on Equity: Return on equity capital is a measure of the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholder. It approximates the net benefit that the shareholders have received from investing their capital in the bank. During the period of 2001-2005 the average return on the equity was 0. 274 which means 27. 4%. But if we look at every individual year we can say that it has decreased year by year. The ratio was decreased because of the bank has increased the equity capital over the year and declared the bonus share as a dividend. Return on Assets: The Return on the asset is primarily indicator of managerial efficiency. It indicates how capably the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earning. From the above analysis we can see that during the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio was 1. 3%. Return on assets has increased over time. That means the bank was able to increase the efficiency in managing asset from 2001-2005. Net Interest Margin: The net interest margin measures how large a spread between interest revenues and interest costs. Management has been able to achieve of close control over the banks earning assets and the pursuits of the cheapest source of funding. The average net bank interest margin for Dhaka bank was 2. 1% during 2001-2005. By looking at the table we can say that it has increased period by period accept 2003, which indicates a good signal for the Bank. Net Non Interest Margin: The non-interest margin measures the amount of non interest revenue streaming from deposits charges and other service fees the bank has been able to collect relative to the amount of non interest cost incurred (including salaries and wages, repair and maintenance cost on bank facilities and loan loss expense). The net non interest margin was 2. 30% during the period of 2001-2005. It has decline over the periods accept 2001. The income from the non interest source, like Treasury bill, commission on brokerage, and commission from the letter of credit has been declined over the years. Earning Per Share: | |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Earning Per Share |41. 255 |42. 635 |39. 024 |46. 894 |53. 864 | [pic] Earning per share measures the earning against per share. During the period 2001-2005, the average earning per share was Tk 44. 73. Though it is not so attractive figure for Dhaka Bank, but positive fact is it has increased over times. Breaking Down OF ROE |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Banks degree of asset utilization |0. 043 |0. 050 |0. 045 |0. 045 |0. 045 | |The banks equity multiplier |29. 02 |21. 33 |17. 20 |18. 94 |14. 92 | Net Profit Margin: Net profit margin has fluctuated over time. But if we look at the average which was 29. 39% with the past five years, we can say that last five years net profit margin was better. Banks Degree of Assets Utilization: Banks Degree of Assets Utilization was 4 . 5% during 2001-2005 which was not bad as compare to other banks. Equity Multiplier: [pic] During the period of 2001-2005 the average equity multiplier was 20. 283. By the equity multiplier ratio we can say that it is highest in 2001 which was 09. 02%. that means the risk of the failure was also highest for that period. As the risk was higher, we can say that the banks profit margin also was higher for that period. Liquidity Risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Cash and Due from Banks/Total Assets |0. 152 |0. 122 |0. 093 |0. 071 |0. 079 | |Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets |0. 062 |0. 076 |0. 98 |0. 137 |0. 155 | [pic] Purchased Funds/Total Assets: If the use of purchased is more that increases the chance of liquidity crunch in the event of withdrawals rises or the loan quality declines. During 2001-2005, as the average ratio was 1. 44%, we can say that the liquidity risk for the bank is lower for the Bank. Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets: Cash and Government securities was 10. 54% of the total assets on an average which was not so much good fo r the Bank because cash and government securities are the most liquid assets for a bank. So bank may face liquidity problem in the future. Credit Risk    |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Total Loans/Total Deposits |0. 56 |0. 67 |0. 70 |0. 74 |0. 82 | [pic] Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans: Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans indicates the amount which should be kept as provision for loan losses from the total loan. During the period (2001-2005) the average amount of provision for the loan loses was 0. 6%. This indicates a very good signal for the bank. That means Bank’s credit risk is very low because the bank has been able to collect the loan very efficiently. Total Loans/Total Deposits Total Loans/Total Deposits indicates the total loan amount that goes from the total deposit. During (2001-2005), on an average 68. 86% of the total deposit distribute as loan. This indicates they have distributed a big portion of their deposited amount as loan. That is some what risky but as their provision for loan losses was very low they will have no problems with this. Capital Risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities |0. 016 |0. 011 |0. 012 |0. 012 |0. 025 | [pic] Equity Capital/Total Assets: Equity Capital/Total Assets indicates that the amount of equity capital invested in the total assets. During the period of 2001-2005 their equity capital was on an average 5. 20% of their total assets, which indicates they have financed very few of their investment by equity and it is gradually increased over the period. Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities: Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities indicates that the amount of non deposit liability in the total liability structure. If the purchased fund increases that means the capital risk are also increases. During the period of 2001-2005 1. 52% of the liability was financed by the purchased fund that means non deposit sources which is not the core area of the business. That means the capital risk for the bank is low for the Bank. Chapter-3 NCC Bank Limited Key Profitability Ratios In Banking | |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Return on Asset( ROA) |0. 014 |0. 011 |0. 044 |0. 013 |0. 013 | |Net interest Margin |0. 024 |0. 024 |0. 232 |0. 020 |0. 023 | |Net non-interest Margin |0. 028 |0. 027 |0. 195 |0. 032 |0. 346 | |Net Bank Operati ng Margin |0. 280 |0. 230 |0. 080 |0. 255 |0. 240 | [pic] Return on Equity: Return on equity capital is a measure of the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholder. It approximates the net benefit that the shareholders have received from investing their capital in the bank. During the period of 2001-2005 the average return on the equity was to 19. 6%. If we compare it to the Dhaka Bank we can say that it is not good. The ratio was low because the bank has increased the equity capital over the year and declared the bonus share as a dividend. Return on Assets: The Return on the asset is primarily indicator of managerial efficiency. It indicates how proficiently the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earning. From the above analysis we can see that for the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio was 1. 9%. which was some what better than Dhaka Bank. That means the bank was able to increase the efficiency in managing asset from 2001-2005. Net Interest Margin: The net interest margin measures how large a spread between interest revenues and interest costs. Management has been able to achieve of close control over the banks earning assets and the pursuits of the cheapest source of funding. The net bank interest margin for Dhaka bank was 2. 1% during the year of 2001-2005. But the net margin of NCC Bank was 6. 46%. that means the banks was able to increase the cheapest source of funding from 2001-2005. Net Non Interest Margin: The non-interest margin measures the amount of non interest revenue streaming from deposits charges and other service fees the bank has been able to collect relative to the amount of non interest cost incurred (including salaries and wages, repair and maintenance cost on bank facilities and loan loss expense). The average net non interest margin was 12. 5% during the period of 2001-2005. That means the bank was able to collect more income from the non interest source and it has increases over time. They have been able to generate more income from the non interest source like Treasury bill, commission on brokerage, and commission from the letter of credit. Earning Per Share: |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Earnings Per Share |54. 14 |44. 47 |30. 99 |46. 91 |36. 11 | [pic] Earning per share measures the earning against per share. During the period of 2001-2005, the average earning per share was Tk 42. 524. Their earning per share has reduced over time and if we compare with other bank we can say that it is not sufficient. Breaking Down of ROE |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Banks degree of asset utilization |0. 052 |0. 50 |0. 544 |0. 052 |0. 056 | |The banks equity multiplier |16. 91 |20. 33 |1. 92 |17. 46 |14. 04 | Net Profit Margin: During 2001-2005 the average the net bank operating margin was 21. 7%. If we look at the individual data it is not good because it has fluctuated over time. Banks Degree of Assets Utilization: They have earned 15. 08% operating revenue in 2001-2005 by using their total assets. Over the period it was consistent accept 2003. Equity Multiplier: [pic] During the period of 2001-2005, the average equity multiplier was 14. 32. By the equity multiplier ratio we can say that it is substantially higher, that means the risk of the failure is also high for the period. As the risk is higher so the banks profit margin is also higher. Liquidity risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Cash and Due from Banks/Total Assets |0. 158 |0. 067 |0. 499 |0. 042 |0. 052 | |Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets |0. 100 |0. 148 |0. 166 |0. 208 |0. 110 | [pic] Purchased Funds/Total Assets: If the use of purchased funds are more that increases the chance of liquidity crunch in the event of withdrawals rises or the loan quality declines. During the period of 2001-2005, as the average ratio was 1. 44%, we can say that the liquidity risk for the bank was low. Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets: Average Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets in 2001-2005 was 44. 48%. The total assets have come from the cash and government securities. Credit Risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans |0. 02 |0. 02 |0. 2 |0. 02 |0. 02 | |Total Loans/Total Deposits |0. 84 |0. 82 |0. 81 |0. 89 |0. 96 | [pic] Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans: Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans indicates the amount which should be kept as provision for loan losses from the total loan. During the period of 2001-2005 the average amount of provision for the loan loss was 1. 9% of the total loans. As the provision for the loan loss was very low, we can say that the credit risk for the bank was lower for the Bank and the bank has been able to collect the loan more efficiently. Total Loans/Total Deposits: Total Loans/Total Deposits indicates the total loan amount that goes from the total deposit. If we look at the graph we will see that the Total loan/Total Deposits gradually has increased over time. That means the Bank has increased the loan as well as credit risk. But historical data say that their loan collection is pretty impressive. On an average they have distributed 86. 19% of their deposits as loan. Capital Risk | |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities |0. 037 |0. 048 |0. 057 |0. 048 |0. 818 | [pic] Equity Capital/Total Assets: Equity Capital/Total Assets indicates that the amount of equity capital invested in the total assets. During the period of 2001-2005, on an average 15. 17% total asset was financed by the equity. If we think about the risk of the Bank, it is high. Because a huge amount of money they have financed by debt equity. Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities: Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities indicates that the amount of non deposit liability in the total liability structure. If the purchased fund increases that means the capital risk are also increases. During the period of 2001-2005, 20. 16% of the liability was financed by the purchased fund that means non deposit sources which is not the core area of the business. Chapter-4 National Bank |Key Profitability Ratios In Banking | |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Return on Asset( ROA) |0. 006 |0. 003 |0. 002 |0. 004 |0. 005 | |Net interest Margin |0. 012 |0. 011 |0. 011 |0. 012 |0. 011 | |Net non-interest Margin |0. 025 |0. 026 |0. 27 |0. 029 |0. 031 | |Net Bank Operating Margin |0. 224 |0. 083 |0. 048 |0. 087 |0. 118 | [pic] Return on Equity: Return on equity capital is a measure of the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholder. It approximates the net benefit that the shareholders have received from investing their capital in the bank. During the period of 2001-2005 the average return on the equity was 10. 1%. The ratio was not attractive because of the bank has increased the equity capital over the year and declared the bonus share as a dividend. The Return on Assets: The Return on the asset is primarily indicator of managerial efficiency. It indicates how capably the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earning. From the above analysis we can say that during the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio 0. 4%. It is not so attractive. The bank was not able to increase the efficiency in managing asset from 2001 to 2005. The net interest Margin: The net interest margin measures how large a spread between interest revenues and interest costs. Management has been able to achieve of close control over the banks earning assets and the pursuits of the cheapest source of funding. The net bank interest margin for Dhaka bank was 12% during 2001-2005. But the average net interest margin for National bank was 1. 14%. That means the banks was able to increase the cheapest source of funding from 2001 to 2005 but that is not substantial for the bank. The Non-interest Margin: The non-interest margin measures the amount of non interest revenue streaming from deposits charges and other service fees the bank has been able to collect relative to the amount of non interest cost incurred (including salaries and wages, repair and maintenance cost on bank facilities and loan loss expense). The average net non interest margin was 2. 8% for 2001-2005. Though it has increased over period, they were not able to generate more income from the non interest source like Treasury bill, commission on brokerage, and commission from the letter of credit. The performance of the bank is stable over the years. Earning Per Share: | |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Earnings Per Share |63. 78 |33. 98 |33. 09 |27. 44 |43. 85 | [pic] Earning per share measures the earning against per share. During the period of 2001-2005, the average earning per share was Tk 40. 420. Their earning per share has reduced over time and if we compare with other bank we can say that it is not sufficient. In the cases of National Bank if we look after the key profitability ratio then we can say that return on equity capital(ROE), and non interest margin, Return on asset (ROA) Net Bank Operating Margin, and Earning per share, ratio has been decreased for the period of 2001-2005. But, only the net bank operating margin has been increased. Return on equity capital (ROE) has been decreases because the bank has increased the equity capital for the years and given the bonus share as a dividend so the amount of equity increases during the period of 2001-2005. The earning per share also has been decreased for the period of 2001-2005. Breaking Down of ROE    |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Banks degree of asset utilization |0. 025 |0. 038 |0. 038 |0. 041 |0. 042 | |The banks equity multiplier |30. 99 |28. 07 |28. 18 |25. 79 |20. 13 | The net bank operating Margin: During the period of 2001-2005 the average the net bank operating margin was 11. 18% of the total assets. It was not stable over the period which is not a good sign for the bank. Bank Degree of Assets Utilization: Bank’s degree of the asset utilization has been increased during the period of 2001-2005. So return of asset has been also decreased for the same period. Net profit margin has been decreased substantially because the ratio of the equity multiplier was higher. Equity Multiplier: During the period of 2001-2005 the average equity multiplier was 26. 63. By the equity multiplier ratio we can say that it has substantially reduced over time, which means the risk of the failure has gradually increased over time. [pic] Liquidity Risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Cash and Due from Banks/Total Assets |0. 043 |0. 053 |0. 054 |0. 054 |0. 55 | |Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets |0. 060 |0. 088 |0. 087 |0. 068 |0. 038 | [pic] Purchased Funds/Total Assets: Purchased Funds/Total Assets if the use of purchased more that increases the chance of liquidity crunch in the event of withdrawals rises or the loan quality declines. During the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio for the bank was 3. 12%. We can say that the liquidity risk for the bank was not very high also stab le by the year Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets: Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets in 2001-2005 was 6. 82% of the total assets which has come from the cash and government security. Banks/Total Assets and Cash and Government Securities/Total Assets are also remains almost same for over the period so the liquidity risk for the bank has been remains low and same for the period. Credit Risk: |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Total Loans/Total Deposits |0. 84 |0. 82 |0. 81 |0. 89 |0. 96 | [pic] Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans: Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans indicates the amount which should be kept as provision for loan losses from the total loan. During the period of 2001-2005 the average amount of provision for the loan loss was 2. 09%. That means only 2. 09% of the funds were in risk to be uncollected. As the provision for the loan losses was low, we can say that the credit risk for the bank was not very high for the recent period. Total Loans/Total Deposits: Total Loans/Total Deposits indicates the total loan amount that goes from the total deposit. During 2001-2005 on an average 81. 11% of the total deposit they have distributed as loan. This is a very big portion and indicating a great change of credit risk for the bank. Capital Risk: |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities |0. 617 |0. 042 |0. 033 |0. 037 |0. 591 | [pic] Equity Capital/Total Assets: Equity Capital/Total Assets indicates that the amount of equity capital invested in the total assets. During the period of 2001-2005 on an average 3. 83% of the total asset was financed by the equity. That is indicating a very bad signal for the bank. Because they mostly they have financed their investment by debt capital which was very risky. Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities: Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities indicates that the amount of non deposit liability in the total liability structure. If the purchased fund increases that means the capital risk are also increases. During the period of 2001-2005 the ratio was drastically high for 2001 and 2005 and average ratio was 26. 39%. That means the capital risk for the bank was high for the bank. Chapter-5 Al Arafah Islami Bank Limited |Key Profitability Ratios In Banking | |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Return on Asset( ROA) |0. 002 |0. 006 |0. 012 |0. 012 |0. 017 | |Net interest Margin |0. 015 |0. 026 |0. 030 |0. 030 |0. 38 | |Net non-interest Margin |0. 017 |0. 015 |0. 018 |0. 018 |0. 022 | |Net Bank Operating Margin |0. 067 |0. 141 |0. 242 |0. 252 |0. 292 | [pic] Return on Equity: Return on equity capital is a measure of the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholder. It approximates the net benefit that the shareholders have received from investing their capital in the bank. During the period of 2001-2005 the average return on the equity was 14. 5% which was not attractive, but the good signal is that it has increased over time. Return on Assets: The Return on the asset is primarily indicator of managerial efficiency. It indicates how capably the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earning. From the above analysis we can say that during the period of 2001-2005 the return on asset was only 1. 00%. That means the bank was able to increase the efficiency in managing asset from 2001 to 2005. Net Interest margin: The net interest margin measures how large a spread between interest revenues and interest costs. Management has been able to achieve of close control over the banks earning assets and the pursuits of the cheapest source of funding. The average net bank interest margin for the bank was 2. 78% during the period of 2001-2005 which is also not so attractive. Non-interest Margin: The non-interest margin measures the amount of non interest revenue streaming from deposits charges and other service fees the bank has been able to collect relative to the amount of non interest cost incurred (including salaries and wages, repair and maintenance cost on bank facilities and loan loss expense). The net non interest margin was 1. 8% in 2001-2005. They wasn’t been able to generate more income from the non interest source like Treasury bill, commission on brokerage, and commission from the letter of credit. Earning Per Share: |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Earnings Per Share |101. 43 |312. 420 |251. 1 |263. 67 |387. 8 | [pic] Earning per share measures the earning against per share. During the period of 2001-2005, the earning per share was Tk 263. 18. If we compare with other bank we will see that their earning per sha re was very good. Breaking Down of ROE: |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Banks degree of asset utilization |0. 32 |0. 041 |0. 048 |0. 048 |0. 059 | |The banks equity multiplier |24. 968 |21. 447 |14. 754 |13. 449 |12. 564 | [pic] The Net Bank Operating Margin: During the period of 2001-2005 the average the net bank operating margin was 19. 87%. If we compare with other banks it was good. Another important thing is that it has increased over time. Degree of Operating Margin: On an average they have earned 4. 55% operating revenue during the period of 2001-2005 by using total asset. It was not so good. This indicates that they ware unable to utilize their assets. Equity Multiplier: During the period of 2001-2005 the equity multiplier was 17. 467. By analyzing the equity multiplier ratio we can say that it is substantially higher, that means the risk of the failure is also high for the period of 2001-2005. As the risk is higher so the banks profit margin is also higher. Liquidity Risk: |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Cash and Due from Banks/Total Assets |0. 080 |0. 090 |0. 089 |0. 093 |0. 201 | [pic] Purchased Funds/Total Assets: Purchased Funds/Total Assets if the use of purchased more that increases the chance of liquidity crunch in the event of withdrawals rises or the loan quality declines. During the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio was 7. 4%. Because of lower percentage we can say that the liquidity risk for the bank is also lower for the bank. Cash and Due from Banks/Total Assets: During the period of 2001-2005 on an average the bank had only 7. 42% cash and due from bank against their total assets. This indicates a very bad signal for the bank. Liquidity risk for the bank was very high for that period. Credit Risk: |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans |0. 16 |0. 033 |0. 024 |0. 048 |0. 011 | [pic] Total Loans/Total Deposits: Total Loans/Total Deposits indicates the total loan amount that goes from the total deposit. During the period of 2001-2005, 84. 13% of the total deposit distribute as loan. They have distributed a big portion of their deposits as loan it could increase credit risk for the bank. Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans: Provision for Loan Losses/Total Loans indicates the amount which should be kept as provision for loan losses from the total loan. During the period of 2001-2005 the average amount of provision for the loan loss was 2. 4%. As the provision for the loan losses was lower so we can say that the credit risk for the bank was also lower for the bank in that period, and the bank has been able to collect the loan more efficiently. Capital Risk |   |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities |0. 050 |0. 056 |0. 059 |0. 117 |0. 114 | [pic] Equity Capital/Total Assets: Equity Capital/Total Assets indicates that the amount of equity capital invested in the total assets. During the period of 2001-2005, on an average 6. 17% of the total asset was financed by the equity and it is gradually increased over the year and for the period. Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities: Purchased Funds/Total Liabilities indicates that the amount of non deposit liability in the total liability structure. If the purchased fund increases that means the capital risk are also increases. During the period of 2001-2005 they were able to maintain the ratio within 8. 00%. That means the capital risk for the bank was lower for the period. Though the bank is able to reduce the non-deposit source of funding but still they are exposed to a higher capital risk. Chapter-6 Eastern Bank Limited Key Profitability Ratios In Banking | | |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 | |Return on Asset( ROA) |0. 02 |0. 02 |0. 02 |0. 02 |0. 02 | |Net interest Margin |0. 03 |0. 03 |0. 02 |0. 03 |0. 03 | |Net non-interest Margin |0. 02 |0. 02 |0. 03 |0. 03 |0. 03 | |Net Bank Operating Margin |0. 16 |0. 19 |0. 1 8 |0. 22 |0. 18 | [pic] Return on Equity: Return on equity capital is a measure of the rate of return flowing to the banks shareholder. It approximates the net benefit that the shareholders have received from investing their capital in the bank. During the period of 2001-2005 the average return on the equity was 17. 2%. The ratio was stable over the period. The bank has able to maintain the stability of income. Return on Assets: The Return on the asset is primarily indicator of managerial efficiency. It indicates how capably the management of the bank has been converting the institutions assets into net earning. During the period of 2001-2005 the average ratio was 2. 00%. It was not so attractive but good thing

Does Media Influence Violence in the Behavior of Children...

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Explain the Potential Effects of Five Different Life...

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The cultural and situational factors has had and continue to have an impact on this author’s

E-Business Assignment - 4191 Words

E-Business Assignment NAME: GONG YUCHENG DATE: 02/2003 The Internet and Web provide an infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to find each other online. Companies are now having new sales channels for their products and services, and numerous electronic markets are available for buying and selling at offer prices or through various auction mechanism. Therefore, e-business could include almost all of the issues facing companies who practice business online, including: payment processing, software applications that manage customers or trading partners, outsourced applications and globalization. In the past two years, e-business seems to have permeated every aspect of daily life. In just a short time, both individuals and†¦show more content†¦Even more, the brand value of Ford has arrived $36.4 billion which is in the first place of automobile industry. There are basically four components of a business model as Rayport and Jaworski (2001) pointed out: 1) A value proposition or a value cluster for targeted customers ¡Ã‚ ªproducts; 2) A marketspace offering ¡Ã‚ ªmarket; 3) A unique, defendable resource system; 4) Financial model. Firstly, a value proposition or a value cluster is one of the most important components of a business model. The construction of a value proposition or a value cluster requires management to specify the following three items according to Rayport and Jaworski (2001): (1) choice of target segment/segments, (2) choice of focal customer benefits/combination benefits, (3) rationale for why the firm/and its partners can deliver the benefit package significantly better than competitors. 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Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet Free Essays

Stephanie Luu Soc 0835, Sec 002 Yuichi Moroi November 9, 2010 Ethnic/Race Identity Formation and the Internet Throughout the course of American history, immigration from around the world has been occurring. The result from the different people emigrating from such varying parts of the human race creates the diversity in American society. As different ethnicities come into America, racial discrimination and stereotypes are created. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethnic identity starts to become an issue where immigration, sexuality, religion, politics, and social change begin to shape how race and ethnicity are constructed and perceived in the American culture. In contemporary society, the internet serves as an additional element of the construction and shaping of these social identities. People are capable of using online networks and databases to learn about different cultures. By pressing a few buttons and clicking search, information is instantly displayed and questions can be immediately answered. The concern of the matter lies behind the authentication of the content; information posted on the web does not have to be validated by academic scholars to be published. Knowing the criteria for assessing web pages, the obtaining of misleading information can be avoided.Stereotypes generally occur among races that appear to differ from one’s own. It happens as a result of a person’s subconscious mind to group and generalize a person by their descriptions and physical attributes. These classifications can be positive or negative, which creates an issue with the construction of social identities of different racial and ethnic groups. Being that the first groups to arrive to America can be generally stereotyped as â€Å"white†, people of other descents are known to be minorities. Some of these groups include black people, Hispanic people, Indian people, Asian people, and more.The focus of this paper will be on those of Chinese descent; in particular, the stereotypes of Chinese people and how information on the internet perceives them. Despite if a person is Chinese or Korean, the individual is likely to be stereotyped as Asian. Their skin color may be similar to those considered â€Å"white†, but their hair color and facial attributes differ in the sense that they cannot be stereotyped as white. Nazli Kibria, author of an article in Sociological Perspectives, examined further into the dynamics between Asians and non-Asians by studying the interac tion of everyday social encounters between the two. Kibria aimed to explore two central aspects of the common stereotypes: â€Å"sameness† and â€Å"foreignness†. She shares of an incident where she was watching â€Å"M*A*S*H† and saw that a supposedly Korean character was wearing a Vietnamese-style hat wandering around in a village that appeared to be Japanese-oriented (Kibria 81). She was outraged by the fact that was evident that the show created an â€Å"Asian scene† based on a stereotypical idea of what an Asian person looked like and what was presumed an Asian environment.Such incidents are absurd to those who come from different backgrounds, while those who are not able to differentiate race and ethnicity do not find any offense to these encounters. She also noted that a family was asked to pose for a picture in the town paper wearing native garb without regards to what the occasion was. The picture turned out to be on the front page of a small daily newspaper next to recipes of egg rolls in celebrat ion of Chinese New Year. We were their token Oriental family—Chinese, Korean, it was all the same† (Kibria 82). Even differentiating the two, the town had no remorse. â€Å"Korean† and â€Å"Chinese† seemed to be synonymous with the term â€Å"Asian† because both could be generalized into that. Another incident occurred where an American company was about to make a deal with a Japanese company, and workers asked a fellow Asian worker, â€Å"Hey Karen, tell us how we should deal with Japanese so that we get what we want. † Her response was, â€Å"You guys, I’m Chinese†¦born and raised here†.Immediate reaction, â€Å"OK, but Karen, you have to admit that you probably have a better sense of the way Japanese culture works than we do† (Kibria 83). Quickly, it is evident that these Asians are stereotyped into one generalization that relates each individual country with one another. These stories show similar cases in which Asians are linked together by culture and physical attributes, even being that they are of different ethnic groups. This may induce problems to the social construction of Chinese people due to them wanting others to recognize and acknowledge their differences.The website that contained the above information was from an article called â€Å"Race, Ethnic Options, and Ethnic Binds: Identity Negotiations of Second-Generation Chinese and Korean Americans† in Sociological Perspectives. This article was found on an online database called JSTOR, and it is a credible source because the database is â€Å". org†, which identifies its association with an educational institution. This information is both empirical and scholarly based because she uses endless examples of experiences to explain her theories of stereotypes.This relates to the scholarly aspect because she uses psychological studies to analyze the different behaviors in the surrounding atmosphere. It is quality information because the author is identified with a University, and the publisher is copyrighted. The information is not biased because it also describes perspectives of the life behind a white person’s eyes as well as a black person’s. It does not lead to potential stereotypes, but it does make awareness of stereotypical incidents that subconsciously happen in everyday life.In relation to the stereotypical occurrences that happen daily, these incidents appear to shape the behaviors of ethnic identities, especially those among the second-generation Chinese Americans. In Baozhen Luo’s â€Å"Social Construction of Chinese American Ethnic Identity: Dating Attitudes and Behaviors among Second-Generation Chinese American Youths†, Luo makes an argument that â€Å"second-generation Chinese youths construct their dating values and identities through both differentiating and integrating their parents’ and white peers’ dating cultures and gender norms† (Luo 1).Luo, being a second-generation Chinese American, provides a summary of what his p arents wanted of his life, the kind of lifestyle he grew up in, and the battle between the two. Education was first, then dating and marriage came later; most importantly the family’s attitudes towards interracial dating. He says that â€Å"Chinese American youths constructed and reconstructed their own dating values, gender norms, and ethnic identities through various processes of picking and choosing from both cultures† (108). Luo argues that American culture cannot explain the complexity of the dating culture created by the second-generation Chinese American youths but that it is shaped by growing up in the middle grounds of two different cultures, allowing for an individual to adapt to both. Baozhen Luo’s article is a thesis brought to the public by the Department of Sociology at Digital Archive at Georgia State University. This is a scholarly and credible source, which also contains a reference at the bottom of the works cited. The information is a summary of his own life experiences so it may be a little biased because this will not pertain to every individual.But to my own experience growing up as a second-generation Chinese American, it is very similar and accurate. It may lead to potential stereotypes in the sense that people may think all first-generation Chinese Americans are narrow-minded and racist in a sense, where they want their child to marry only within the race. The construction of the Chinese American identity is not accustomed by the American way of life but by the intuition of the Chinese people themselves. Joseph Wu’s â€Å"Filial Piety and Chinese Culture† explains that the foundation of morality of Chinese culture is filial piety.Filial piety is respect for one’s parents and ancestors—the virtue to be held above all else. He discusses that in the traditional West, the ultimate moral authority is God or Spirit, but in Chinese culture, the ultimate moral authority is still in the human world (Wu 2). By means of that, filial piety is a product created by Chinese culture, meanwhile for the traditional Westerners moral principles are by God or spiritual creation. While religion is essential, valuable, and necessary in the traditional West, there exists no formal religion in Chinese culture. According to the common sense of Chinese people, China has three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Nevertheless, Confucius is natural and humanistic. He is not a God, but only a human being† (Wu 4). That argues in favor that the Chinese value humanistic reality over spiritual power. He also refers to Buddha not being a God but a human being having been enlightened. To some extent people believe that filial piety is a substitute for their religion because it serves as the worthy power and authority. The Chinese perform filial piety to liberate human beings from the fear of death (Wu 5). In Chinese culture, the initial way for conquering death is giving birth to a male-child, and hoping the male-child to continue to produce male descendants† (Wu 5). The purpose of this is because only the male can attain continuity of family life, considering females generally take after the husband’s name. Though the extremities of Chinese culture and its religion appeared to be evident through the above examples, this website is not a reliable source. The website lacks accountability; it has an author but no email nor information (degrees, educational background) indicating whether the author is credible.The website also does not provide a date that shows when the page was updated so it is not safe to say the information is accurate. The page has notes at the end, but no works cited or reference page–the above source is not quality information. The information is biased because the only recognition mentioned says, â€Å"The author of this essay has been a performer of filial piety† (5). This holds relevance to why the author was such a firm believer that Chinese culture is shaped by filial piety. The construction of social identity of Chinese culture was attempted to be explored through information accessed on the web. Any information without credibility may be posted on the web and assessed by anyone. This may lead someone to be misinformed when trying to learn about the construction of an ethnic or racial identity because the reader may be reading falsified information. The exploration of a person’s racial and ethnic identity can be successfully attained if done with proper search methods. I think the internet is a good tool for exploring people’s racial and ethnic identities because the world contains an extreme amount of different ethnic groups that you may never even encounter.With the internet, people are able to learn about different cultures even if they never get to interact with one.Works Cited Kibria, Nazli. â€Å"Race, Ethnic Options, and Ethnic Binds: Identity Negotiations of Second-Generation Chinese and Korean Americans. † Sociological Perspectives 43. 1 (2000): 77-95. JSTOR. Web. . Luo, Baozhen. Social Construction of Chinese American Ethnic Identity: Dating Attitudes and Behaviors among Second-Generation Chinese American Youths. Thesis. Georgia State University, 2006. Sociology Theses. 2 Aug. 2006. Web. . Wu, Joseph S. â€Å"Filial Piety and Chinese Culture. † Thome Fang Institute. Web. . How to cite Ethnic and Race Formation and the Internet, Papers

Dulce Et Decorum est, written by Wilfred Owen is a very realistic and brutal poem about the First World War Essay Example For Students

Dulce Et Decorum est, written by Wilfred Owen is a very realistic and brutal poem about the First World War Essay Dulce Et Decorum est, written by Wilfred Owen is a very realistic and brutal poem about the First World War. In his poem he describes the terrible conditions of which many Soldiers had to live, fight and for many soldiers die in. This contrasts greatly with the poem The Soldier written by Rupert Brooke. The Soldier is a very passionate patriotic poem about The First World War. The Soldier was written at the beginning of The First World War, whilst the whole Country was full with enthusiasm and with a patriotic feel. Although Rupert Brooke wrote about the War, he himself never made it there as he died on the journey there. This again may be another reason for his enthusiasm, as he had never experienced the grim and harsh reality of War. Dulce Et Decorum est was written towards the very end of the War, where most of the Country was tired and bitter of fighting. Wilfred Owen, the writer of Dulce Et Decorum est, had fought in the War and had experienced the horrific conditions of War. This is maybe the reason he decided to use the highly ironic title Dulce Et Decorum Est, which is a famous line created by the well-known academic Horace. It means it is sweet and fitting to fight for your country. This has a great contrast to the poems tone and content. The content of both of these poems has great relevance to the First World War. The Soldier has great means of pride, patriotism and religious content: In hearts at peace, under an English heaven. By concentrating on these elements, Rupert Brooke creates a very different poem to Dulce Et Decorum est. In the first stanza he writes of how if he were to die in war, a corner of a foreign field will be for ever England. This is very patoratic as it shows the reader, that he has no fear. He follows by decribing England as a beautiful land full of freedom, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam. This again is very patoratic as it shows the readers,potential soldiers, that England is something worth fighting for. He starts his next stanza by describing his own psyical and mental fight for his country, And think, this heart, all evil shed away. This shows how he is not jut fighting for his Country he is also fighting a mental battle within himself. He follows by describing himself as a pulse in the eternal mind. Which shows he is well aware he is only a very small piece of a large plan. It could also mean he is in pulse with God and that he believes God is backing them. This gives the reader great confidence as it shows that if God is backing them they must be in the right and therefore they will win. He then finishes the poem by using strong passionate personification to describe England, Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day. This is another form of patronism as it gives the reader great pride for England. In Wilfred Owens poem his point of view on the War is very different. He writes about treacherous events vividly which causes very clear images: Gas! Gasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦yelling out and stumbling. This vivid explanation causes a very clear disturbing picture, which makes the reader think of those who fought for their Country and those who died doing it. This therefore sends the reader a very different view of war. He starts Dulce Et Decorum est by describing the shocking state of which all soldiers were in and the horrific condition which they lived and fought in, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge. He then describes a vivid gas attack by using strong description and imagary, Gas! .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .postImageUrl , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:hover , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:visited , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:active { border:0!important; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:active , .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507 .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc88aa675735baf2a930ac41cf10b8507:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare the views of London presented in Blakes' poem London and William Wordsworth's poem Composed upon Westminster Bridge EssayGas! Quick, boys! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An ecstasy of fumbling, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; But someone still was yelling out and stumbling, And floundring like a man in fire or lime. This is very penetrating as the strong imagary make you imagine the shocking conditions and the sudden attack. This therefore makes the prospect of the war a reality. His last stanza starts by describing the attack effect of the gas attack, His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood come gargling from the frot h-corrupted lungs. This is very frightening for the reader as you can vividly imagine it. It would also be frightening if you had family or friends in the war as it is very easy to imagine the horrific death happening to one of them. In the final stanza, Owen enforces that, should readers see what he has seen, the government would cease to send young men to war, all the while instilling visions of glory in their heads. No longer would they tell them the old lie, Dulce Et Decorum est. The language used in The Soldier has many different descriptive techniques. Rupert Brooke decides to use personification to describe England: Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day. This effect echances the certain theme of patronism around the poem, this is because the reader thinks of England as a woman and therefore something worth fighting for. He also uses a few examples of alliteration which is very promanent in old English poems. Alliterations has a gratifying effect on the sound, which gives a reinforcement to stresses, and can also serve as a subtle connection or emphasis of key words in a line, And laughter, learnt of friends; and geltleness. Dulce et Decorum est also includes very clever and effective descriptive words which creates imminant images. He uses imagery in his poem so he is albe to create a picture in the readers mind which is needed to feel the full force of the poem Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge. He also uses repetition, which is very effective and therefore creates a certain feel for the poem, Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! The tone of The Soldier is very different to the one of Dulce et Decorum as it has very different content. The Soldier has a very uplifting tone this is acheived by using patroatic and romantic content. It is also very optimistic as it ideailized England, this is very unrealistic. On the other hand the tone of Dulce et decorum est is very realistic as is it shows the true, depressing facts of war. Both of the poems impact the reader greatly as they are both written about the same topic,War. The Soldiers impacts the reader by showing a patoratic romantic view of the war. This impacts the reader as it shows great courage and the strong proud atmosphere which was drilled into everyone. On the other hand Dulce Et Decorum Est was written towards the very end of the War and impacts the reader by describing the horrific death of a soldier after being attacked by a gas bomb. This impacts the reader greatly as Wilfred Owen uses many strong language tecniques to create a vivid image. Although both poems are very much about World War One, they are both very different. The Soldier was written during the beggining of the war when the whole country was full with patronism and belief. This is the reason for its upbeat tone and optimism. It is full with religious and patroatic content which is created using strong personiication and descriptions. Dulce Et Decorum est was written towards the end of the War,this is the reason for its very harsh realistic view on the war. Wilfred Owen writes about the shocking conditions and how a fellow soldier died whilst he stood their helpless. He uses strong imagary to create vivid images in the readers mind.